Ravichandran Ashwin and Ravindra Jadeja shared seven wickets as Sri Lanka were spun out for 205 by India on the first day of the second Test in Nagpur.
Sri Lanka, who opted to bat first on a green-tinged pitch, lost their last six wickets for 45 runs on Friday.
India were 11-1 in reply from eight overs after Lokesh Rahul played on off Lahiru Gamage, on 7.
Murali Vijay, playing his first Test since March after wrist injuries, was two not out off 28 balls while Cheteshwar Pujara was also on 2.
Only opener Dimuth Karunaratne (51) and Dinesh Chandimal (57) offered any resistance to the India bowlers with Sri Lanka 47-2 at lunch, and 151-4 at tea.
Karunaratne and Angelo Mathews, both out lbw in the second session, wasted DRS calls that went against them.
Karunaratne's 14th half-century led Sri Lanka past 100 but he was trapped by fast bowler Ishant Sharma, who took 3-37 in his first Test since March.
Chandimal was fashioning a slow recovery with Niroshan Dickwella after tea, until Dickwella was caught at long on by Sharma off Jadeja which triggered a collapse.
Ashwin bowled Dasun Shanaka for 2, then Jadeja trapped Dilruwan Perera for 15 as Chandimal ran out of partners.
Chandimal, having reached his 14th half-century, was then lbw to Ashwin, and tried DRS, but again the decision was in India's favour. Sri Lanka was 184-8.
Suranga Lakmal was then caught behind off Sharma for 17, and Rangana Herath was caught at slip off Ashwin on 4.
Sri Lanka interim coach Nic Pothas said he was not pleased with the poor score on a good batting pitch.
"We back our batsmen to play their shots. But we let ourselves down after Dickwella's dismissal," Pothas said.
"The wicket has no demons. It hasn't spun and it hasn't seamed. They were six straight ball dismissals and at this level you cannot be missing straight balls."
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