Syrian troops have reached the edge of the northern province of Raqqa, home to the de facto capital of the Islamic State group's self-styled caliphate, in a push that leaves the extremists fighting fierce battles on four fronts in Syria and neighbouring Iraq.
IS, which controls large swaths of territory in both countries, is fighting Syrian troops, US-backed fighters and opposition militants in northern Syria and is facing an offensive by Iraqi government forces on their stronghold of Fallujah.
The Syrian government has had no presence in Raqqa since August 2014, when IS captured the Tabqa air base and killed scores of government soldiers.
The provincial capital, Raqqa, became the militants' first city.
The Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights on Saturday said Syrian troops reached the "administrative border" of Raqqa province under the cover of Russian airstrikes.
It said that during three days of fighting, 26 IS fighters and nine troops and pro-government gunmen were killed.
The media arm of Lebanon's Hezbollah group, which is fighting alongside government forces, said Syrian troops reached the border of Raqqa province after advancing about six kilometres on Saturday afternoon.
The front line is around 80 kilometres from the city of Raqqa.
Syrian troops began their advance toward the province on Wednesday, the same day that US-backed forces launched an attack on the IS-stronghold of Manbij, some 115 kilometres to the northwest of Raqqa.
It is unclear if the attacks were coordinated.
The US-backed predominantly Kurdish Syria Democratic Forces advanced closer to Manbij, which lies on a key supply route linking the Turkish border to the city of Raqqa, on Saturday.
The Observatory said SDF fighters had captured 34 villages near Manbij.
Another activist group, the Local Coordination Committees, said the fighting is now concentrated on the south of the town.
IS fighters are also engaged in fierce battles for the rebel-held stronghold of Marea, a town some 70 kilometres west of Manbij.
IS has surrounded Marea on three sides but has failed to capture the city, which is under control of rebels and fighters from the al-Qaeda affiliated Nusra Front.
"The fighting is very intense on three fronts in Marea," said opposition activist Baraa al-Halaby, who is based in northern Syria.
While battles rage in Raqqa province, Manbij and Marea, IS fighters are also coming under fire in their Iraqi stronghold of Fallujah.
Iraqi forces launched their offensive on the city almost two weeks ago, and say they are on the edge of the town.
Violence in and around the contested northern city of Aleppo, Syria's largest and once commercial centre, claimed more lives on Saturday.
Syrian state TV said the shelling of government-held parts of contested Aleppo killed 22 and wounded 23 people, while opposition activists said dozens were killed or wounded in rebel-held neighbourhoods.
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