Turkey, who beat Sweden by the same score on Thursday, extended their unbeaten run to 13 games since their home defeat against Brazil in a friendly in November 2014.
Austria goalkeeper Ramazan Ozcan, given a rare outing by coach Marcel Koller, sent a clearance straight to Turan who floated the ball back over him from 25 metres with the keeper stranded on the edge of his area 11 minutes into the second half.
Koller, who rarely experiments, made four changes to his usual lineup, with Rubin Okotie replacing Marc Janko in attack.
News that makes sense
Your trusted source for staying up-to-date with the world around you. Get free daily news updates and analysis, straight to your inbox.
Cenk Tosun kept his place in the Turkey attack after scoring both goals against Sweden while the experimental central defensive partnership of Ahmet Calık and Mehmet Topal came through the test.
Austria, who dropped only one point in qualifying, went ahead when Zlatko Junuzovic scored from a chance set up by Marko Arnautovic in the 22nd minute.
Turkey equalised two minutes before halftime with a trademark free kick from midfielder Hakan Calhanoglu.
(Writing by Brian Homewood in Zurich; Editing by Toby Davis)
