China's famed Jiang sisters Tingting and Wenwen won the event for the third time, dominating both technical routine and free routine to claim their sixth golds over three editions of the Games.
The Japanese duo of Yukiko Inui and Megumu Yoshida won the silver at Jakarta's Golera Bung Karno Aquatic Center and in third place were 23-year-old twins Alexandra and Yekaterina Nemich from Kazakhstan.
The Jiang sisters, who also have two team Olympic medals from 2008 and 2012 Games, won the event at the 2006 and 2010 Games before retiring in 2013.
The pair returned to pool after giving birth to daughters and won the Chinese national crown last year.
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"Since we returned to the pool, we trained everyday so we could be stronger than ever," said a euphoric Wenwen, who with her sister will turn 32 next month.
"We are satisfied that we showed our best during the competition ... We improved on the difficulties of the routines. We did a great job," she added, calling themselves their biggest opponents in the continent.
Japan's Miya Tachibana is the only other athlete to have won the duet event three times.
(Reporting by Amlan Chakraborty in Jakarta; editing by Nick Mulvenney)
