Nurudinov finished fourth in the 105-kg category in London and went on to win gold at the Rio de Janeiro Olympics four years later.
CAS said that its anti-doping division found that Nurudinov tested positive for the banned substance dehydrochlormethyltestosterone. It said he was disqualified from the event "with all resulting consequences, including forfeiture of any medals, points and/or prizes."
CAS said the case would be referred to the International Weightlifting Federation "for further follow-up."
The International Olympic Committee stores and regularly re-tests samples from past Games with methods that did not exist at the time. It also carries out tests for substances that were previously unknown in order to protect clean athletes and the integrity of the competition.
Nurudinov could not immediately be reached and the Uzbeki Weightlifting Federation told Reuters it had no immediate comment.
CAS said that Mikalai Novikau of Belarus, who finished eighth in the 85 kg category, tested positive for dehydrochlormethyltestosterone and stanozolol and had also been disqualified.
(Reporting by Gabrielle Tetrault-Farber and Brian Homewood, editing by Pritha Sarkar)
