The Taliban held landmark talks with Western diplomats in Oslo over the humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan, a meeting the Islamist regime's delegation called an "achievement in itself".
The international community has however insisted the Taliban must respect human rights before aid can resume as hunger threatens more than half of Afghanistan's population.
Having accepted a controversial invitation from Norway, the Taliban were holding talks on Monday with representatives of the United States, France, Britain, Germany, Italy, the European Union and Norway.
The closed-door discussions were taking place at the Soria Moria Hotel, on a snowy hilltop outside Oslo, with the Taliban delegation led by Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi, who hailed the fact that the meeting took place as a success in its own right.
"Norway providing us this opportunity is an achievement in itself because we shared the stage with the world," Mr Muttaqi told reporters on Monday.
"From these meetings we are sure of getting support for Afghanistan's humanitarian, health and education sectors," he added.
Afghanistan's humanitarian situation has deteriorated drastically since last August when the fundamentalists stormed back to power 20 years after being toppled.
International aid came to a sudden halt, worsening the plight of millions of people already suffering from hunger after several severe droughts.
Criticism against Norway
No country has yet recognised the Taliban regime, which hopes that meetings of this kind will help legitimise their government.
Norway's Foreign Minister Anniken Huitfeldt has stressed the talks would "not represent a legitimisation or recognition of the Taliban" but, because of the humanitarian emergency, "we must talk to the de facto authorities in the country".
Experts and members of the Afghan diaspora have criticised the Norwegian invitation to the Taliban, and protests have been held outside the foreign ministry in the capital.
In Kabul, Wahida Amiri, an activist who has protested regularly in Kabul since the Taliban's return, told AFP she was "sorry for such a country as Norway for organising this summit, sitting with terrorists, and making deals".
Since August, international aid, which financed around 80 percent of the Afghan budget, has been suspended and the United States has frozen $13.3 billion (A$18.7 billion) in assets in the Afghan central bank.
Protesters have turned up outside the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to demonstrate against the Taliban being in Norway. Source: NTB Scanpix
Unemployment has skyrocketed and civil servants' salaries have not been paid for months in the country.
Hunger now threatens 23 million Afghans, or 55 per cent of the population, according to the United Nations, which says it needs $6.2 billion (A$8.7 billion) from donor countries this year to address the crisis.
But the international community is waiting to see how the Taliban intend to govern after being accused of trampling on human rights during their first stint in power between 1996 and 2001.
'They heard us'
While the Islamists claim to have modernised, women are still largely excluded from public-sector employment and most secondary schools for girls remain closed.
Two women activists disappeared last week in Kabul. The Taliban have denied responsibility.
Before meeting with the Taliban, the Western diplomats held talks early on Monday with members of Afghanistan's civil society, including women activists and journalists, who had themselves held talks the day before with the hardline Islamists on human rights.
One of those in attendance, women's rights activist Jamila Afghani, told AFP "it was a positive icebreaking meeting" where the Taliban "displayed goodwill", but it remained to be seen "what their actions will be".
On Monday, another woman activist who took part in Oslo, Mahbouba Seraj, said the Taliban "acknowledged us and they heard us".
"I'm hopeful. I'm hoping for some kind of an understanding of each other", she told reporters.
Meanwhile, Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid tweeted after their talks that "the participants recognised that understanding and joint cooperation are the only solutions".
Among the 15 members of the all-male Taliban delegation was Anas Haqqani, a leader of the most feared and violent faction of the Taliban movement, the Haqqani network, blamed for some of the most devastating attacks in Afghanistan.
His participation has been heavily criticised on social media and local media reported a Norwegian-Afghan has filed a police complaint in Oslo against Mr Haqqani for war crimes.
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