Australia Explained: Australia cov public thiab community housing ua hauj lwm li cas

Muaj ntau hom tsev sib txawv ntawm tej social housing system rau tej neeg nyob ntawm Australia Source: Getty / Yanzisland

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Ntawm Australia no ces tsoom fwv teb chaws yeej muaj tej nyiaj pab zej tsoom them ntiav tsev nyob pab rau tej neeg muaj cai tau txais cov kev pab no. Nom tswv yeej muaj ib co cai sib txawv ntawm tej xeev los txheeb tej neeg. Ntxiv no yog tej uas tsim nyog koj paub txog thaum sau ntawv mus thov zej tsoom ntau hom tsev sib txawv nyob, thiab txheeb txog tej lus cuav cuam tshuam txog cov social housing los yog ho yuav mus nrhiav thiab thov cov kev pab cuam no qhov twg?

Ntsiab lus:

Muaj neeg xav tau tej vaj tse nyob ntau tshaj qhov muaj zej tsoom tej vaj tse rau sawv daws nyob thoob teb chaws Australia no lawm.
Txhua lub xeev los yog ib lub xeev twg nyias yeej muaj nyias tej kev teev zwm tej ntaub ntawv thov tej tsev social housing nyob.
Tej kws hais tias tsis hais ib tug twg yeej yuav ntsib tej xwm txheej tsis muaj peev xwm ntiav tau tsev nyob.
Affordable housing ces yog ib co program pab them tej nqe ntiav tsev nyob uas nyob nruab nrab ntawm tej tsev social housing system thiab tej kiab khw lagluam ntiav tsev ntiag tug.

Mloog tau SBS Hmong ntawm no.

Social housing, public housing thiab community housing yog tej tsev dab tsi?
Leej twg muaj peev xwm siv tau cov kev pab nrhiav tej tsev no nyob?
Tej neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw tuaj nyob teb chaws Australia puas muaj cai thov tau tej tsev social housing nyob?
Kuv yuav thov li cas thiaj tau cov kev pab housing assistance?
Muaj tej tsev social housing ntau npaum li cas ntawm Australia?
Yuav tos ntev npaum li cas tiaj tau zej tsoom tej tsev (public housing) nyob ntawm Australia?
Vim li cas tej neeg thiaj xaiv los yog ua ib siab mus nyob tej tsev social housing?
Affordable housing yog dab tsi?
Kuv muaj peev xwm mus thov tau cov tsev affordable housing li cas nyob?

Tej lus uas siv rau cov kev pab ntiav tsev pheej yig zog nyob yog tej yam ua rau yus yoob thiab los kuj tau.

Piv txwv li social housing, public housing thiab community housing uas yeej yog ntau hom tsev sib txawv ntawm tib co social housing system.

Dr Michael Fotheringham uas yog tus managing director ntawm lub koom haum Australian Housing thiab lub chaw teeb txheeb Urban Research Institute, thiaj los pab tshab txhais txog tej lus no rau peb.

Social housing, public housing thiab community housing yog tej tsev dab tsi?

Dr Fotheringham tshab txhais tais "Social housing ces yog ib lo lus dav dav uas kuav ob hom tsev tib si li cov tsev public housing thiab community housing."

Public housing ces yog tsoom fwv xeev ua tus tswv thiab yog tus tswj.

Community housing ces yeej ib txwm yog tej koom haum nonprofit community housing providers ua cov tswv thiab koom tes nrog tsoom fwv los tswj tej vaj tse no.

Xam tej nqe ntiav cov tsev social housing raws tej nyiaj uas tej cuab yig khwv tau, thiab yeej teev tias tsuas siv tej nyiaj uas ib yig twg khwv tau txog li ntawm 30 feem pua coj mus ntiav tsev nyob xwb. Source: Getty / Matt Grehan

Leej twg muaj peev xwm siv tau cov kev pab nrhiav tej tsev no nyob?

Tej tsoom fwv xeev yog cov tsim tej cai los tswj cov kev siv tej vaj tse social, public thiab commuity housing uas yuav nyob ntev.

Dr Fotheringham hais tias "Ib lub xeev twg nyias yeej muaj nyias tej criteria siv. Tej zaum tej cai no muaj ntsis sib xws tab sis tsis zoo tib yam."

Tej xeev feem coob yeej yuav muaj cov kev pab hu ua housing assistance pab rau tej cuab yig khwv tau nyiaj tsawg.

Nws hais tias "Hais tsis ntsees rau cov kev pab tej neeg txom nyem uas pab tsis tau lawv tus kheej li tej neeg tsiv tawm ntawm tej teeb meem kub ntxhov hauv cuab yig, thiab tej neeg puas cev los kuj muaj cai tau siv cov kev pab cuam no. Ces thiaj muaj ntau cov criteria los ua cov txheeb tias leej twg xub tau txais kev pab cuam ua ntej los yog leej twg yog cov neeg muaj cai siv cov kev pab no."

Tej neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw tuaj nyob teb chaws Australia puas muaj cai thov tau tej tsev social housing nyob?

Cov kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw tsis yog ib co criteria uas yuav ua rau ib tug twg muaj cai tau nyob tej tsev social housing.

Tej neeg uas tsiv teb tsaws chaw tuaj nyob teb chaws Australia no yuav tsis muaj cai thov tej tsev no nyob.
Dr Michael Fotheringham

Dr Fotheringham hais tias "Thiab cov kev yog ib tug neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw kuj txhais tsis tau tias yuav tiv thaiv kom yus tsis muaj cai thov tau tej tsev no nyob vim tseem muaj lwm yam laj thawj cuam tshuam thiab."

Kuv yuav thov li cas thiaj tau cov kev pab housing assistance?

Yog xav mus teev zwm npe seb puas tau tej tsev social housing nyob ces tsim nyog koj paub txog lo lus wating list — uas yog koj yuav tau tos txog koj zeeg koj mam li tau nyob — thiab tej nom tswv zejzog uas tswj cov hauj lwm vaj tse yog cov los txheeb tej hauj lwm no.

Koj yuav tau sau tej ntau ntawv (forms) tam li yog ib feem ntawm cov kev teev zwm npe thov tej tsev no nyob thiab nom tswv mam txheeb tias seb koj puas yog cov neeg muaj cai nyob.

Koj muaj peev xwm txheeb tau tej xov xwm kom ntxaws ntxiv thiab tej xov xwm qhia txog cov kev thov tej tsev no ntawm tej nom tswv tswj tej dej num vaj tse ntawm koj lub xeev tau raws li tej xeev hauv qab no:

Muaj tej tsev social housing ntau npaum li cas ntawm Australia?

Lub 6 hlis ntuj xyoo 2024 ces yeej tau muaj 452,000 lub social housing ntawm Australia. Txhais tias muaj tej tsev no txog li 4 feem pua ntawm tag nrho tej tsev ntawm teb chaws no.

Dr Fotheringham hais tias "Ces thiaj pom tias muaj tej tsev no tsawg tsawg ntawm tej kiab khw lagluam vaj tse xwb."

"Txhais tias muaj neeg xav tau tej tsev nyob ntau tshaj qhov muaj tej tsev social housing no tsim tau rau sawv daws nyob lawm. Txhais tias yuav tau siv sij hawj los ua tib zoo txheeb seb leej twg yog cov neeg muaj cai mus nyob tej vaj tse uas muaj rau tej neeg nyob."

Tej zaum tej cuab yig uas khwv tau nyiaj tsawg mus txog rau tej khwv tau nyiaj theem nrab uas tsis muaj cai thov tej tsev social housing nyob kuj yuav muaj cai thov cov tsev affordable housing nyob thiab. Credit: tap10/Getty Images

Yuav tos ntev npaum li cas thiaj tau cov tsev public housing ntawm Australia nyob?

Tej xov xwm uas lub koom haum Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) txheeb tau los pom tias xyoo 2023-24 ces tej neeg uas xav thov tej tsev publich housing nyob yuav tau tos lub sij hawm ntev xam ua lub caij nrab txog 1 xyoos 6 hlis diam.

Tab sis lub sij hawm tos kuj txuas nyog rau ntawm seb tus neeg thov tej tsev no nyob poob rau tej xwm txheej zoo li cas thiab seb ho nyob rau qhov twg xwb xwb, txawm nyob ntawm lub xeev yus nyob kiag los yeej tau xam tej no thiab.

Tab sis Dr Fotheringham hais tias tej neeg xav tau tsev nyob ntau tshaj qhov muaj tej tsev txaus rau tej neeg nyob tsis hais ntawm tej zos cheeb tsam tuaj ntug nroog thiab tej zos hauv nroog li.

"Tej xeev feem coob niaj hnub no yeej tab tom nrhiav xub ke los xyuas kom tsim tau tsev ntau tuaj ntxiv thoob plaws ntawm tej xeev. Tsis yog peb tsuas tham txog tej tsev ntawm tej nroog loj xwb.

"Yeej paub tseeb tias yeej xav tau tsev nyob ntawm tej zos cheeb tsam tuaj ntug nroog ntau thaj chaw ntau tuaj ntxiv thiab hais tsis ntsees rau tej plawv zos."

Vim li cas tej neeg thiaj xaiv los yog mus nyob tej tsev social housing?

Dr Stefanie Plage hais tias tej lus cuav ntau tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam nrog tej tsev social housing ces yog cov kev ntaus nqe yuam kev rau tej neeg txom nyem thiab cov kev tsis tau txais kev nyab xeeb rau tej neeg nyob tej tsev no.

Nws kuj yog ib tug neeg teeb txheeb ntawm tsev kawm qib siab University of Queensland lub teej kawm School of Social Science uas ua tej hauj lwm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm tej vaj tse thiab cov kev noj qab haus huv.

Yeej muaj ntau cov neeg sib txawv nyob ntawm tej tsev social housing, uas yog ib hom tsev ntawm ntau hom rau tej neeg nyob.
Dr Stefanie Plage

Nws hais tias vim cov kev tsis muaj peev xwm ntiav tau tsev nyob yog ib co laj thawj ntau ntau cov uas ua rau tej neeg xaiv thiab txiav txim siab mus nyob tej tsev social housing.

"Tsis hais tej neeg yog cov neeg txom nyem ntev lawm los yog cov neeg uas lawv nyuam qhuv pib pab tsis tshua tau lawv tus kheej tam sim no, ib yam uas tej neeg no ntsib tas mus li cas yog tej nqe ntiav tsev nyob ntawm tej kiab khw lagluam ntiav tsev nyob uas kim dhau qhov lawv muaj peev xwm them ntiav tau nyob lawm."

Ces cov housing affordability thiaj yog ib co tseem ceeb heev.

Dr Plaga hais ntxiv tias "Yeej pom tias muaj tej neeg coob zuj zus tuaj uas yav dhau los yeej muaj peev xwm ntiav tau tsev nyob los yog ntiav tau tej tsev unit nyob ras txog tias tam sim no ib tug twg yeej ntsib tej teeb meem ntiav tsis tau tsev nyob lawm."

Peb lub ntawm plaub lub tsev public housing ntawm Australia yog tej nyob ntawm tej nroog loj. Source: Getty / Andrew Merry

Affordable housing yog dab tsi?

Yog tham txog cov nyiaj pab ntiav tsev nyob (Rental housing assistance), ces lo lus 'affordable housing' tej zaum tej neeg to taub yuam kev tias yog cov social housing, tab sis sib txawv.

Tej tsev affordable housing ces kuj yog cov tsev pab uas them ib nyuag pheej yig zog thiab yeej muaj cov program pab sib txawv ntawm ib lub xeev rau ib lub xeev.

Simon Newport uas yog tus coj lub koom haum Homes Victoria piav tias 'tej tsev pab cuam no yog cov tau them raws tus nqe ntiav tsev nrab rau tej neeg nyob'.

"Thaum xub ces yeej siv cov housing system no coj los pab rau tej neeg tsis muaj vaj tse nyob xwb, txuas ntxiv los ces txuas ntxiv ntawd thiaj mam muaj cov tsev social housing uas yog cov publich housing thiab community housing, txuas ntxiv ntawd ces yog cov affordable housing uas yog cov nruab nrab ntawm tej social housing thiab tej kiab khw lagluam ntiav tsev nyob."

Tej tsev affordable housing ces yog cov tsev uas npaj pab rau tej neeg khwv tau nyiaj tsawg thiab tau nyiaj nrab ntiav nyob kom tau them tej nqe ntiav tsev ib nyuag tsawg zog, piv rau tej nqe ntiav tsev ntawm tej kiab khw lagluam ntiav tsev uas yeej ib txwm them.

Mr Newport hais tias "Affordable housing ces tsuas tau them tej nqe ntiav tsev txog 75 feem pua ntawm tej nqe ntiav tsev ntawm tej kiab khw lagluam ntiav tsev xwb, los yog tau them tsawg dua 25 feem pua ntawm tej nqe ntiav tsev."

Kuv muaj peev xwm mus thov tau cov tsev affordable housing li cas nyob?

Affordable housing programs ces yog cov community housing providers uas cov tswj, thiab tsis xaiv tej neeg uas tos kom tau tej tsev social housing nyob.

"Ces yus thiaj muaj peev xwm sau ntawv thov ncaj qhia rau tej koom haum community housing providers."

Thiab koj yeej muaj peev xwm mus nrhiav tau tej neeg tswj tej tsev affordable housing ntawm tej chaw koj nyob tau thoob plaws ntawm teb chaws no ntawm Community Housing Provider Register.

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Transcript

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SBS acknowledges the Traditional Custodians of Country and their connections and continuous care for the skies, lands and waterways across Australia.

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You're listening to Australia Explained, an SBS audio podcast helping you navigate life in Australia.

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Finding a stable, affordable place to live is becoming harder for many people right across Australia, and social housing is in great demand. And you might want to ignore any stereotypes around what a public housing resident looks like.

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You get more and more people who have really never had problems finding a place to stay, or getting a rental or getting a unit, who are just now realising it can happen to anyone. The one thing they have in common is that they're priced out of the rental market.

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This is Australia Explained. I'm your host Melissa Compagnoni, and in this episode we look at how rental housing assistance works, what to expect when applying for social housing, and where to go for help. And get ready for some myth busting along the way.

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In Australia, government assistance is available for people having difficulty finding or sustaining affordable and adequate housing. This support sits within a system known as social housing, and every jurisdiction has different rules and criteria for accessing long-term social housing rentals. But let's take a step back and start with the basics. What exactly is social housing?

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Dr Michael Fotheringham is the managing director of the Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute. He helps us break down the basics.

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So there are a number of terms that get used in this space. Social housing is an umbrella term that covers both public housing, which is owned by state governments and managed by state governments, and then there's community housing, which is managed and possibly owned

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by nonprofit community housing providers working in partnership with government,

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There's no national one-stop shop for social housing applications. To get on the social housing register, often referred to as the waiting list, you need to apply to your local housing authority. As part of the registration process, you'll complete required forms and have your eligibility assessed.

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Dr Fotheringham explains that the process differs depending on your circumstances and where you live.

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Rent in those types of accommodation is set based on household income, capped at around 30 per cent of household income. There are variations.

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And people are able to access that based on eligibility, so very low income households, those with particular vulnerabilities, people escaping domestic violence, people with disability type issues, a range of criteria, and the different priority or the eligibility criteria operate in different parts of the country, so each state and territory has its own set of criteria. They're similar but not identical.

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Because of these differences, it's important to check what applies where you live by contacting your state or territory housing authority.

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Dr Fotheringham says some people wrongly assume that those born overseas are not eligible for social housing. That's not the case. It's also not true that you can automatically enter into social housing as a migrant.

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People won't be eligible just on the basis of having migrated here, and depending on what sort of visa arrangements or residency arrangements they've moved here with, there are different conditions attached.

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And just being a migrant doesn't necessarily prevent you from qualifying for other reasons.

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Another common misunderstanding around social housing is who lives there. The most common myth around social housing is the stereotyping of residents, according to Dr Stephanie Plage.

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She's a research fellow at the University of Queensland School of Social Science, working on the relationship between housing and health.

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I think from the work that I've seen, it's the stereotype of our vulnerability and risk coming concentrated in a public housing residence that is quite stereotypical. So you have a diversity of residents just in other forms of housing as well.

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Dr Plage points to rental stress and housing affordability as the main reasons why people choose or end up in social housing.

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You get more and more people who have really never had problems finding a place to stay or getting a rental or getting a unit who are just now realising it can happen to anyone.

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The most common experience that I come across in my work is whether people have a background of long-term social disadvantage or if they're just now starting to struggle. The one thing they have in common is that they're priced out of the rental market. There's desperation when you show up for an inspection for the 40th one, and there's so many people.

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Have you heard of the term affordable housing?

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It's sometimes mistaken for social housing, but affordable housing is different. It's a lower level of subsidy, and it varies state by state and program by program.

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Simon Newport, chief executive officer of Homes Victoria, explains,

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In the context we're talking about, we talk about affordable rental housing, and it really is what I would describe as the missing middle in the housing continuum. So at the very start of the housing system, you would have supported housing homelessness services.

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You then have social housing being public and community, and then you have affordable housing which sits somewhere between social and private market, and it tends to serve people who are on low to moderate incomes.

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Reduced rent accommodation, when compared to market standards, is made available to eligible applicants through

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affordable housing programs. Mr Newport gives an overview of how affordable housing works in the state of Victoria as an example.

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Affordable housing is generally delivered at no more than 75% of market rent, or 25% less than what people would pay in the market. The other big difference, of course, is affordable housing doesn't draw necessarily from the waitlist.

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So generally the affordable housing part is run by community housing providers and so you can apply directly through the community housing providers. We have our own scheme which we run through Homes Victoria which you can apply through our website, but effectively each provider will have their own way for you to apply. And that's very much depending upon the cohort that they serve.

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You should contact your local housing authority for information on affordable housing where you live, as programs and eligibility differ across jurisdictions. Affordable housing programs are harder to monitor for nationwide data, but there are detailed reports on social housing programs for each state and territory.

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We know from the most recent data snapshot that there are some 400,000 social housing dwellings in Australia and that 3 in 4 public housing dwellings are in major cities. Demand exceeds supply across both regional and urban areas, Dr Fotheringham says.

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There's certainly demand in regional areas, particularly in regional centres. Most states and territories these days are looking to increase housing supply across that whole jurisdiction, so we're not just talking about capital city as things currently stand. We have

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something like 11 million homes in this country, and about 4% of them are social housing. That means that we have more demand than we have supply for social housing. It also means it can take some time to work through eligibility and availability of suitable accommodation.

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So where should you start if you need help?

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Regardless of the type of housing assistance you're seeking, your state or territory housing authority is your first point of contact. Mr Newport again from Homes Victoria.

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Community housing and public housing are actually two parts of the same system. They're not there to compete against each other, they really are to work side by side. It's really important that people understand that there's really no wrong door, they can actually reach out through a variety of different mechanisms to get some assistance.

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Understanding how housing assistance works can help people make informed decisions at a difficult time. Public housing, community housing and affordable housing each play a role within Australia's broader housing system. While eligibility and access vary across states and territories, there's no wrong door. Your local housing authority is the best place to start for information, support and guidance on what options may be available.

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Thanks for listening to this episode of Australia Explained, written and produced by Zoe Thomaidou and mixed by me, Melissa Compagnoni. Australia Explained managing editor is Roza Germian.

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This was an SBS audio podcast. For more Australia Explained stories, visit SBS.com.au/australiaexplained.

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Subscribe or follow the Australia Explained podcast for more valuable information and tips about settling into your new life in Australia. Do you have any questions or topic ideas? Send us an email to australiaexplained at sbs.com.au.

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