Afghan army casualties up: US

The number of Afghan troops killed in combat has increased despite a decline in insurgent attacks, the Pentagon says.

The number of Afghan troops killed in combat has increased despite a decline in insurgent attacks. (AAP)

Insurgent attacks in Afghanistan have declined but government forces are suffering higher casualties, the Pentagon says.

Attacks initiated by Islamist militants decreased six per cent and assaults involving homemade bombs dropped 22 per cent between April and September, according to a Defense Department report to congress.

The Pentagon also says the Taliban have strengthened their grip in some rural areas.

About 80 per cent of the insurgent attacks occurred in areas where less than 25 per cent of the population lives.

The ten most violent districts, mainly in Helmand and Kandahar provinces, represent three per cent of the country's population but 30 per cent of all attacks, the report said.

The Taliban has "failed" to achieve its declared goals in recent months and "its ability to strike at major population centres is under pressure", the report said.

But "the insurgency has also consolidated gains in some of the rural areas in which it has traditionally held power".

The assessment suggested a sense of stalemate in the grinding war between the Western-backed Afghan government and Taliban insurgents, who were toppled from power in 2001 by US-led forces after the September 11 attacks.

The report covers a period in which, for the first time, the Afghan army and police are responsible for the security of the entire country, with NATO's International Security Assistance Force playing a supporting role with advice and logistical support.

The Kabul government security forces "now conduct 95 per cent of conventional operations in Afghanistan and 98 per cent of special operations in Afghanistan," the report said.

The only unilateral operations by the NATO-led coalition are focused on protecting their own troops, securing and clearing roads and redeploying forces, it said.

The ISAF contingent is due to depart in 2014 and troops continue to gradually withdraw. About 48,500 US forces remain, and 27,000 other coalition troops were on the ground as of Thursday, according to Pentagon officials.

The Afghan security forces, including police and army units, now number nearly 345,000.

As the Afghans lead combat operations, casualties are rising steadily.

The number of Afghans killed or wounded in combat increased 79 per cent April to September, compared to the same period last year, according to the report, which did not provide detailed numbers.

ISAF casualties, meanwhile, have declined 59 per cent compared to the same time frame last year, it said.