The government is spending an extra $84.3 million on services for the country's 2.7 million carers, including new educational resources, peer support and phone- based counselling.
Carers will also be offered up to $3000 towards planned respite, education and training.
Additional funding will focus on young carers.
"We know that Australia's carers are our nation's unsung heroes," Treasurer Josh Frydenberg said on Tuesday night.
"Their job is 24/7 and it's emotionally as well as physically demanding. Many carers need and deserve a rest."
The budget also sets aside $528 million for a royal commission into the mistreatment of disabled Australians.
The inquiry is expected to examine mistreatment in institutional settings, workplaces, schools, homes and in the community.
It will be applicable to all disabled people.
Prime Minister Scott Morrison says the federal government will fully fund the inquiry and he now has "letters patent" from all the states and territories to allow it to go ahead.
In aged care, an additional 10,000 home care packages for older Australians will be delivered at a cost of $282 million.
This takes to 40,000 the number of new packages announced over the past 18 months.
Hundreds of millions of dollars will also be spent on residential aged care packages.
Restrictions on Australians aged under 67 making contributions to their superannuation are also being relaxed, allowing them to deposit money more easily.
