Spain international Alba, who spent more than two months on the sidelines with a hamstring problem before Christmas, played the whole of Tuesday's 2-0 win at Manchester City in their Champions League last 16, first leg.
However, tests conducted when the squad returned to the Catalan capital confirmed the injury, Barca said on their website (www.fcbarcelona.es), a blow to coach Gerardo Martino at a critical stage of the season.
The return leg against City is on March 12 at Barca's Nou Camp stadium.
(Reporting by Iain Rogers, editing by Rex Gowar)
