An investigation into the Jimmy Savile sex abuse scandal has cleared the BBC of wrongdoing, even as it painted a damning portrait of an institution where employees were afraid to raise even serious concerns about sexual misconduct for fear of upsetting celebrity talent or making the corporation look bad.
Savile, a BBC television presenter and one of Britain's best-known celebrities, is believed to be one of Britain's most prolific sex offenders.
The scandal burst into public view in 2012 when British police said Savile had abused hundreds of victims, mainly youngsters, over six decades until his death aged 84 in October 2011.
Some of the abuse took place at hospitals where he was renowned for his charity work. He was knighted for the latter.
The revelations plunged the BBC, funded by an annual licence fee and known around the world for its news and dramas, into crisis and prompted allegations the broadcaster had covered up his crimes.
The review initiated by the BBC blamed the institution's internal culture for being behind the failure to sound the alarm on Savile's predatory activity.
It was only after Savile's death that the extent of his crimes became clear.
"Celebrities were treated with kid gloves and were virtually untouchable," said Dame Janet Smith, a former Court of Appeal judge who conducted the inquiry, describing a BBC culture of not wanting to "rock the boat".
"There was a feeling of reverence for them and a fear that, if a star were crossed, he or she might leave the BBC," she added.
According to the report, a particular fear of whistleblowing prevented BBC junior staff members from escalating their complaints to senior managers.
Smith said an atmosphere of fear still exists at the BBC but cleared the institution of responsibility for Savile's widespread sex abuse - a decision that infuriated his victims.
A lawyer for Savile's victims called the findings a "whitewash" and implausible.
Smith said 117 people at the BBC admitted they had heard rumours about Savile, who abused victims on BBC premises, including the venues where his programs Top Of The Pops and Jim'll Fix It were shot.
Her review said the Savile abuse incidents dated all the way back to 1959. She identified 72 victims of Savile, both male and female - and one was only 8 years old.
But girls who raised concerns about Savile were treated as a "nuisance".
In one case in 1969, a girl who was molested on the Top of the Pops program while standing next to Savile on the podium was "ejected from the building."
The inquiry also concluded that another BBC star, sports presenter Stuart Hall, 86, also used his celebrity to shield his activities, often plying his victims with alcohol.
The Hall investigation was carried out by another former Court of Appeal judge, Dame Linda Dobbs.
Dobbs found 21 victims of Hall, who was jailed in 2013 after pleading guilty to multiple charges of indecent assault.
"The culture at the BBC certainly enabled both Savile and Stuart Hall to go undetected for decades," Smith said. "I have identified five occasions where the BBC missed an opportunity to uncover their misconduct."
The director-general of the BBC, Tony Hall, apologised to the victims on Thursday.
"What this terrible episode tells us is that fame is power, a very strong form of power," he said.
"And like all power it must be held to account. It must be challenged and it must be scrutinised. And it wasn't."
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