British surgeons are trialling a new drug based on a chemical found in broccoli to try to improve outcomes for stroke patients.
Diederik Bulters, a consultant neurosurgeon at Southampton General Hospital, and his team will assess the effect of experimental drug SFX-01 on patients who have received treatment for a bleed on the brain known as a subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), which is a type of stroke.
SFX-01 is a synthetic form of sulforaphane, a small molecule that occurs naturally in the vegetable and is part of a group of chemicals found in plants - phytochemicals - that are strong antioxidants and can help regulate some of the body's functions.
Bulters said: "It is essential we work to improve outcomes for patients who have a subarachnoid haemorrhage as many of those who survive are left disabled and suffer long-term cognitive and emotional problems, changing their lives forever.
More than 6000 people in England - mainly aged between 45 and 70 - are admitted to neuro-intensive care units with the condition every year.
Around half of all cases are fatal, while 50 per cent of survivors suffer some long-term impairment such as epilepsy, brain dysfunction or emotional issues.
Initially, patients who develop SAH, which is normally caused by a weakness in the wall of a blood vessel that bursts open, undergo a surgical procedure to repair the bleed.
They then receive medication in the form of the drug nimodipine to prevent common complication cerebral ischaemia, which restricts blood flow to the brain through narrowing of the arteries and commonly occurs in the first few days after a haemorrhage.
Nimodipine, which was successfully trialled at Southampton General Hospital in a landmark study published in 1989, is currently the only drug proven to improve outcomes for patients who have suffered SAH.
SFX-01 will be taken in capsule form, either by mouth or nasogastric tube, in 300mg doses in combination with nimodipine during the trial, which will involve 90 patients over two years.
It is hoped the drug could help to prevent complications after SAH by improving blood flow to the brain.
Ardalan Zolnourian, a neurosurgical clinical research fellow and part of the study team, said: "SFX-01 contains a synthetic and stable version of sulforaphane, a known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory that was first discovered in broccoli.
"With SFX-01, we now have a reliable way of delivering what we hope will be an effective dose in a pharmaceutical formulation."
