An open letter to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon signed by more than 1000 people, including financier Warren Buffett and rock star Sting, says the war on drugs has failed.
It calls for a shift in global drug policy from emphasising criminalisation and punishment to health and human rights.
The letter signed by former presidents of Mexico, Colombia, Brazil, Switzerland and others, was made public on Thursday in advance of a United Nations special session on the topic beginning April 19. It was released by the New York-based Drug Policy Alliance.
Ethan Nadelmann, the DPA's executive director, said the number of people sympathetic to progressive and alternative approaches has swelled in the nearly two decades since the UN's last special session on international drug policies.
"People are with us, and I think that this public letter has provided a vehicle," Nadelmann said.
The letter says that for decades, governments have focused resources on repressing drug use, resulting in the imprisonment of millions of people, mostly the poor and ethnic minorities, and mostly for non-violent offences.
The signatories of the letter instead call for an emphasis on drug use as a health policy issue with the focus on "harm reduction", including funding addiction treatment and treatment of addicts who acquired HIV/AIDS and hepatitis through drug use.
"The drug control regime that emerged during the last century has proven disastrous for global health, security and human rights," the letter says.
"It created a vast illicit market that has enriched criminal organisations, corrupted governments, triggered explosive violence, distorted economic markets and undermined basic moral values."
Last month, The Global Commission on Drug Policy - whose members include former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan and Virgin Group founder Richard Branson - said that recent discussions in Vienna on the upcoming UN session relied too heavily on an outdated law-and-order approach to drug policy.
Ilona Szabo de Carvalho, the Rio de Janeiro-based commission's co-ordinator, said the emphasis should be on alternative approaches including decriminalisation, abolishing capital punishment for drug-related offences and a focus on treatment.
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