The incident was not seen by referee Mike Dean but was caught on video and will be reviewed by an FA panel.
"Each panel member will review the video footage independently of one another to determine whether they consider it a sending-off offence," the FA said in a statement on Tuesday.
"For retrospective action to be taken, and an FA charge to follow, the decision of the panel must be unanimous."
Alonso has until 1800 BST on Wednesday to respond and could miss Sunday's FA Cup semi-final against Southampton if the charge is upheld.
He could also miss Premier League games against Burnley and Swansea City.
(Reporting by Hardik Vyas in Bengaluru, editing by Ed Osmond)
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