US President Donald Trump's administration has declined to name any major trading partner as a currency manipulator in a highly-anticipated report, confirming a decision to back away from a key Trump campaign promise to slap such a label on China.
The semi-annual US Treasury currency report on Friday did, however, keep China on a currency "monitoring list" despite a lower global current account surplus, citing China's unusually large, bilateral trade surplus with the US.
Five other trading partners who were on last October's monitoring list - Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Germany and Switzerland - also remain on the list, ensuring that the Treasury would apply extra scrutiny to their foreign exchange and economic policies.
The Treasury report recognised what many analysts have said over the past year, namely that China has recently intervened in foreign exchange markets to prop up the value of its yuan currency, not push it lower to make Chinese exports cheaper.
Trump, who on the campaign trail blamed China for "stealing" US jobs and prosperity by cheapening its currency, repeatedly promised to label the country as a currency manipulator on "day one" of a Trump administration - a move that would require special negotiations and could lead to punitive duties and other action.
But he said on Wednesday that he would refrain from that label, partly because he was working with China to rein in North Korea's threatening actions.
The report did call out China for past efforts to hold down the yuan's value, saying this created a long-term "distortion" in the global trading system that "imposed significant and long-lasting hardship on American workers and companies".
The Treasury also warned that it will scrutinise China's trade and currency practices very closely.
"China will need to demonstrate that its lack of intervention to resist appreciation over the last three years represents a durable policy shift by letting the RMB (yuan) rise with market forces once appreciation pressures resume," the report said.
The Treasury did not alter its three major thresholds for identifying currency manipulation put in place last year by the Obama administration: a bilateral trade surplus with the US of $US20 billion or more; a global current account surplus of more than 3 per cent of gross domestic product, and persistent foreign exchange purchases equal to 2 per cent of GDP over 12 months.
No countries were determined to have met all three of these criteria, but Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Germany and Switzerland all met two of them.
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