Zhao, who set the world record of 27.06 seconds when she won the title in Rome in 2009, clocked 27.29 with teenage compatriot Fu Yuanhui taking silver in 27.39 and Aya Terakawa of Japan bronze in 27.53.
The 50 backstroke is a non-Olympic event.
(Reporting by Iain Rogers, editing by Ken Ferris)
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