Temperatures almost reached -58 F (-50 C) in two central Canadian cities, Regina and Winnipeg.
In the capital Ottawa, meanwhile, authorities announced the cancellation of some shows marking the end of Canada's 150th anniversary celebrations held this year.
The events scheduled for Saturday and New Year's Eve on Sunday have been modified due to the Environment Canada weather service's "extreme cold warning and due to public health and safety concerns," the Ministry of Culture said in a statement.
Appearances by DJs Carl and Evana Muren, DJ Shub, and hip-hop artist Kardinal Offishall have been cancelled for New Year's Eve but a fireworks display will go ahead.
The "Canada 150" ice hockey tournament has been moved indoors from an outdoor rink in front of Parliament.
Environment Canada on Friday maintained its extreme cold warning for six of the country's 10 provinces, including British Columbia in the far west, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec, as well as the Yukon territory in the northwest.
"We invite all Canadians and visitors to consider the extreme weather conditions and to dress warmly and prepare accordingly to prevent frostbite and other injuries," the ministry said.
The Greater Toronto Area was covered in 15-20 centimetres of snow during a snowstorm. Source: Getty Images
Quebec's Bromont ski resort said it was closing at 3:30 pm on Friday afternoon "due to the latest weather forecast, safety matters, and at the request of Hydro-Quebec to reduce the power demand during the peak period."
The mountain would reopen on Saturday but with only a few slopes operating.
Mont Orford, a ski resort east of Montreal, has also reduced its hours.
