WHAT IS A BURULI ULCER?
* It's a skin infection caused by a bacteria known as Mycobacterium ulcerans.
* The organism belongs to the family of bacteria that causes tuberculosis and leprosy.
* It typically causes skin ulcers, otherwise known as Buruli ulcer.
* It is also known as Bairnsdale or Daintree ulcer.
* It can affect the bone and can lead to permanent disfigurement and long-term disability.
WHERE DOES IT OCCUR?
* According to WHO, at least 33 countries, including Australia, with tropical, subtropical and temperate climates have reported Buruli ulcer, but mainly in west and central Africa.
WHO IS AFFECTED?
* About 2000 cases are reported worldwide each year.
* All age groups, including young children, can be infected.
HOW IS IT TRANSMITTED?
* The exact method remains unclear, but the disease is often associated with wetlands, especially stagnant water.
* Evidence indicates it can not be transmitted from person to person.
* Insects, such as mosquitoes, have been shown to contain the bacteria and they may play a role in transmission.
* Use of repellent and mosquito nets have been linked to a reduction in occurrence.
WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE?
* The first sign of Buruli ulcer is usually a painless, non-tender blister-like nodule on the skin, often thought to be an insect bite.
* A lesion may occur anywhere on the body but is most common on the limbs.
* After one to two months, the nodule may begin to erode, forming a characteristic ulcer.
HOW IS IT TREATED?
* In Australia and Japan, most lesions are detected early and diagnosed as a Category 1.
* Treatment involves a combination of antibiotics, depending on the patient.
* Many sufferers require plastic surgery.
(Source: Health Victoria, World Health Organisation, Medical Journal of Australia)
