European Union leaders have agreed what they hailed as the world's most ambitious climate change targets for 2030, paving the way for a new UN-backed global treaty next year.
The 28 leaders overcame deep divisions at a summit in Brussels to reach a deal including a commitment to cut greenhouse emissions by at least 40 per cent compared with 1990 levels.
They also agreed on 27 per cent targets for renewable energy supply and efficiency gains, in spite of reservations from some member states about the cost of the measures.
"Deal! At least 40 per cent emissions cut by 2030. World's most ambitious, cost-effective, fair EU 2030 climate energy policy agreed," EU president Herman van Rompuy tweeted.
The EU wanted to agree on the targets before a summit in Paris in November and December 2015, where it is hoped the world will agree to a new phase of the Kyoto climate accords, which run until 2020.
The agreement put the EU "in the driving seat" before the Paris conference, European Commission head Jose Manuel Barroso said.
However, environmental groups complained the deal did not go far enough to cut global warming.
The European leaders haggled late into the night amid a split between richer, greener nations and poorer countries that depend heavily on fossil fuels or on gas from Russia.
Poland had previously threatened to veto a deal, fearing its near complete reliance on coal would have made it prohibitively expensive to meet the targets.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Francois Hollande had talks with Polish premier Eva Kovacsz on the sidelines of the summit in a bid to talk her around.
Merkel, whose country is a leader in renewables, said the deal would "give Europe a voice and a negotiation position in the international climate talks".
The accord also promotes new interconnection links between member states allowing them to export up to 15 per cent of their power output when they are in surplus and import up to 15 per cent when they are in deficit.
The climate deal builds on the EU's targets for 2020 of a 20 per cent cut in greenhouse gases, blamed for global warming, a 20 per cent boost in renewables such as solar and wind power and a 20 increase in energy efficiency.
While the new 40 per cent target for greenhouse gases and 27 per cent for renewables agreed Friday were as expected, a 30 per cent goal for an increase in energy efficiency set in July by the Commission was watered down to 27 per cent.
Environment group Greenpeace said the EU had "pulled the handbrake on clean energy".
"These targets are too low, slowing down efforts to boost renewable energy and keeping Europe hooked on polluting and expensive fuel," it said
British-based humanitarian group Oxfam called for targets of 55 per cent in emissions cuts, 40 per cent for energy savings and 45 per cent for renewables.
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