Israeli warplanes kept up their pressure on Gaza as truce talks in Cairo faced a moment of truth with the Palestinians threatening to bolt unless Israel returned to the table.
Gazans had another sleepless night as the air force struck 20 targets across the enclave, although nobody was killed. But the rocket fire only started at dawn, after which six mortar shells struck the south, causing no harm or damage, the army said.
Since a 72-hour truce ended on Friday, Gaza has been plunged back into an abyss of violence, with the Israeli military hitting 150 targets and killing 15 people, and Palestinian militants firing more than 100 rockets over the border.
So far, Egyptian efforts to broker an end to more than a month of fighting have led nowhere, with Israel pulling its team out of talks in Cairo on Friday after Hamas refused to extend the three-day ceasefire and resumed its rocket fire.
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu told his cabinet on Sunday that Israel "will not engage in negotiations under fire".
The statement came shortly after the Palestinians warned they would leave Cairo if Israel refused to show up by 1300 GMT (2300 AEST).
There was no let up in violence on the ground, where a 17-year-old boy was killed in an Israeli strike on central Gaza, medics said.
In Gaza City, all the shops were shuttered on Sunday with fear keeping people off the streets, but there was also a sense of deep frustration.
"We are tired. We just want to go home, but we want something in exchange for all our suffering," 27-year-old Samar Mohammad told AFP.
In the West Bank, medics said an 11-year-old Palestinian boy was killed in a shooting that witnesses accused Israeli soldiers of carrying out. The military said it was looking into the reports.
Mussa Abu Marzuq, deputy head of Hamas's exiled leadership, accused Israel of stalling over its demands and said Sunday would be crucial for deciding "the fate of the negotiations".
"We do not want an escalation, but we will not accept that there is no reply to our demands," he said.
The Palestinian delegation, which includes Palestine Liberation Organisation officials as well as senior figures from Hamas and Islamic Jihad, was holding further talks with Egyptian mediators, an official said.
Meanwhile, Netanyahu held talks with his cabinet at the defence ministry in Tel Aviv, with hardliners exerting pressure him to send troops back into Gaza to topple Hamas, the de facto power in the battered Palestinian enclave.
Israel withdrew its forces from Gaza on August 5, wrapping up a nearly three-week ground operation aimed at destroying a network of cross-border attack tunnels.
"This situation cannot continue," Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman said ahead of the meeting.
"There is no doubt that the only thing left to do now is to overpower Hamas, clean out the territory and get out as quickly as possible."
Last week's pullout of Israeli ground troops and the subsequent three days of calm brought relief to millions after four weeks of bloody fighting which has killed more than 2000 Palestinians and 67 in Israel, most of them soldiers.
UN figures show that nearly three quarters of the victims were civilians, with children making up around a third of the civilian death toll.
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