Gillespie and Langer will step in for regular head coach Darren Lehmann and his assistant David Saker, who will be in India preparing the test squad for the four-match series.
Former paceman Gillespie, who took 259 wickets in 71 tests and 142 wickets in 97 one-day internationals, is currently coaching Adelaide Strikers in Australia's Big Bash League after spending five years coaching English county side Yorkshire.
"I'm just buzzing to get this role -- it really is an exciting opportunity -- and I'm humbled to be thought of by Cricket Australia in this regard," Gillespie said in a media release from the board.
"The chance to be working with Justin Langer is terrific. Of course he's a friend and a former team mate, but he's also someone who's had success in this form of the game."
(Reporting by Ian Ransom; Editing by John O'Brien)
