South Africa made a slow start to their second innings after conceding a first innings lead of 78 runs.
Opening batsmen Stiaan van Zyle was on 33 with Dean Elgar on 28 with South Africa 61 without loss.
The Shere Bangla National Stadium in Mirpur will host the second and final test from next Thursday.
(Writing by Sudipto Ganguly in Mumbai; editing by Greg Stutchbury/Peter Rutherford)
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