Watch FIFA World Cup 2026™ LIVE, FREE and EXCLUSIVE

How an Aussie 'battle taxi' invention spread across the world

Australia is investing $750 million to build more Bushmasters — but what makes them so desirable on the battleground?

A composite image of defence minister Richard Marles in front of Bushmaster tanks

The Bushmaster tank is an Australian invention, gaining global popularity. Source: SBS News

It's an armoured troop carrier that's protected Australians in Iraq and Afghanistan, and more recently had a substantial impact in Ukraine's war against Russia.

Now known as the Bushmaster, initial prototypes were affectionately dubbed "battle taxis".

The military vehicle has evolved since its conception in the 1980s and is now used in eight countries outside Australia.

On Monday, Deputy Prime Minister Richard Marles announced a $750-million-spend to build 300 new Bushmasters in Bendigo, north-west of Melbourne, as part of a $1.2 billion defence boost.

"The Bushmaster is the very best protected mobile vehicle for armies anywhere in the world. It saves lives," Marles said.

Built at a rate of about 50 a year, some of the vehicles will be sent to the Netherlands. While the precise number is unknown, 268 Bushmasters are earmarked for the Australian Defence Force (ADF).

Another $450 million will be used to upgrade Hawkei protected mobility vehicles.

So what makes the Bushmaster unique and drives its demand?

What is a Bushmaster?

The Bushmaster is a protected mobility vehicle designed to rapidly deploy up to 10 army personnel safely, moving them around or closer to the battlefield.

Michael Shoebridge, director of defence and security think tank Strategic Analysis Australia, said that its V-shaped hull, rather than a flat one, "deflects blasts from large improvised explosive devices or landmines".

"So the vehicle can be badly damaged, but the people inside will be safe," he told SBS News.

The inside of the vehicle is lined with spall liner material, which Shoebridge said "prevents shrapnel from damaging or injuring people inside the vehicle".

For over 25 years, the vehicles have been used by the Australian Defence forces, and regarded quite highly.

But Shoebridge said the design needs to evolve to counter newer threats including drone weapons, and suggested perhaps optimising the remote weapon station.

A Bushmaster vehicle with camouflage print, driving down a street.
The Australian-made Bushmaster Protected Mobility Vehicles are used by nine countries, including Australia. Source: AAP / Jono Searle

Malcolm Davis, senior analyst in defence strategy at the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, agrees, suggesting new iterations be equipped with counter-drone defence systems.

"I think probably one of the most promising (solutions) are directed energy weapons like high-energy lasers or high-power microwave systems that can essentially take down a drone at reasonably short range," he said.

Davis said the lightness of the vehicle is its main disadvantage.

"It's not a tank, it's not an infantry fighting vehicle like the Redback, so it's not as survivable against direct fire from heavy weapons," he said.

From 'battle taxi' to Bushmaster

Brendan Nicholson is the author of The Bushmaster: From concept to combat. The former journalist, with a career spanning five decades, specialised in defence and foreign affairs.

He told SBS News that part of the unique design was discovered in South Africa in the 1980s.

A need for the Bushmasters had emerged amid growing fears that Australia may be involved in a confrontation with another country, requiring small teams of special forces to be deployed in northern Australia.

"Seems bizarre now, but the idea was that troops would need to be sent to track down these infiltrators," he said.

"And it was likely that if they were enemies special forces, they'd be creating improvised bombs by stealing diesel and fertiliser from cattle stations and small villages."

Nicholson said the fear was so real that specialist forces were sent around the world to examine various technologies to withstand that kind of threat.

It was Australian troops on United Nations peacekeeping missions in Namibia that saw how vehicles with a V-shaped hull, now synonymous with the Bushmaster, withstood damage against devastating landmines.

The first two prototypes were deployed to Timor-Leste in 1999 as part of Operation Stabilise.

They assisted in providing secure transport to VIPs, including Xanana Gusmão, who was to become the new nation's first president.

This protection eventually earned them the nickname "battle taxis".

Why is it gaining prominence now?

Fighting by allied forces in Afghanistan and Iraq demonstrated the value of the Bushmaster, according to Shoebridge and Nicholson.

Shoebridge said Canadians and British forces, fighting alongside Australians, suffered much higher casualty numbers in Afghanistan.

"A lot of that is attributed to the Bushmaster, because there were multiple IED attacks on the vehicles, but it saved lives every time. So I think it's seen very affectionately by the Australian military," he said.

The Dutch also witnessed the effectiveness first-hand in Afghanistan, perhaps spurring their recent acquisition.

"I think there's changed thinking in Europe now about the more real security threat, particularly given the less reliable American alliance," Shoebridge said.

"That means that European militaries are investing more now, and the Bushmaster would make a lot of sense for protecting their own troops."

Bushmasters are used by New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Japan, the Netherlands, Indonesia, Fiji, and Jamaica.

In 2023, the federal government gifted 120 Bushmasters to Ukraine in its efforts against Russia, which have been particularly effective for things like evacuating wounded soldiers.

Shoebridge said providing further Bushmasters to Ukraine would give the ADF "valuable operational experience" as it improves its systems.

"And if there's a military that understands counter-drone warfare and could help optimise the Bushmasters systems for that, it's the Ukrainians," he said.

"So there'd be a direct advantage to Australia by giving Ukraine more of these vehicles."


For the latest from SBS News, download our app and subscribe to our newsletter.


5 min read

Published

By Ewa Staszewska

Source: SBS News



Share this with family and friends


Get SBS News daily and direct to your Inbox

Sign up now for the latest news from Australia and around the world direct to your inbox.

By subscribing, you agree to SBS’s terms of service and privacy policy including receiving email updates from SBS.

Follow SBS News

Download our apps

Listen to our podcasts

Get the latest with our News podcasts on your favourite podcast apps.

Watch on SBS

SBS World News

Take a global view with Australia's most comprehensive world news service

Watch now

Watch the latest news videos from Australia and across the world