Thousands of people have rallied across France after a surge of anti-Semitic attacks in recent weeks culminated with vandals daubing swastikas and anti-Jewish slogans on dozens of graves in a Jewish cemetery.
Political leaders from all parties, including former presidents Francois Hollande and Nicolas Sarkozy, gathered in Paris on Tuesday, filling the Place de la Republique, a symbol of the nation, to decry anti-Semitic acts with one common slogan: "Enough!"
People also lined the streets of cities from Lille in the north to Toulouse and Marseille in the south.
President Emmanuel Macron paid respects at one of the 96 desecrated graves in the village of Quatzenheim, near the eastern city of Strasbourg.
"Whoever did this is not worthy of the French republic and will be punished.... We'll take action, we'll apply the law and we'll punish them," he said, walking through a gate scarred with a swastika as he entered the graveyard.
Macron later visited the national Holocaust memorial in Paris with the heads of the Senate and National Assembly.
France is home to the biggest Jewish community in Europe -- around 550,000 -- a population that has grown by about half since World War Two, but anti-Semitic attacks remain common.
Government statistics released last week showed there were more than 500 anti-Semitic attacks in the country last year, a 74 per cent increase from 2017.
"Some people are provoking the authority of the state. It needs to be dealt with now and extremely firmly," Sarkozy told reporters. "It's a real question of authority. Violence is spreading and it needs to stop now."
Among incidents in recent days, "yellow vest" protesters were filmed hurling abuse on Saturday at Alain Finkielkraut, a well-known Jewish writer and son of a Holocaust survivor.
Artwork on two Paris post boxes showing the image of Simone Veil, a Holocaust survivor and former magistrate, was defaced with swastikas, while a bagel shop was sprayed with the word "Juden", German for Jews, in yellow letters.
A tree in a Paris suburb in memory of Ilan Halimi, a young Jewish man kidnapped, tortured and murdered in 2006, was cut in two.
The series of attacks has alarmed politicians and prompted calls for action against what some commentators describe as a new form of anti-Semitism among the far-left and Islamist preachers.
