Iraq is massing forces for an operation to break a two-month jihadist siege of the Shi'ite Turkmen town of Amerli, amid growing fears for residents short of food and water.
The imminent counter-offensive comes amid reports that US President Barack Obama is weighing a decision to authorise air strikes and aid drops in the area to assist around 12,000 residents trapped in the northern town.
According to a civilian volunteer commander, thousands of Shi'ite militiamen from groups including Asaib Ahl al-Haq and the Badr Organisation are gathering on Wednesday in the Tuz Khurmatu area of Salaheddin province, just north of Amerli, in preparation for a battle to break the siege.
And an army lieutenant general said that security forces were mobilising in the Jabal Hamreen area, south of Amerli, to launch an attack from the southern flank.
Iraqi aircraft have being targeting positions of Islamic State (IS) jihadists around Amerli, and carried out nine strikes on Tuesday, an officer said.
Time is running out for the mainly Shi'ite Turkmen residents of Amerli, who face danger both because of their Shi'ite faith, which jihadists consider heresy, and their resistance against the militants, which has drawn deadly retribution elsewhere.
There is "no possibility of evacuating them so far", and only limited humanitarian assistance is reaching the town, said Eliana Nabaa, the spokeswoman for the UN mission in Iraq.
UN Iraq envoy Nickolay Mladenov has called for an urgent effort to help Amerli, saying residents who have been under siege for more than two months face a "possible massacre" if it is overrun.
Residents say they are suffering from a major shortage of food and water and there is no electricity.
The New York Times reported that Obama is "nearing a decision" on authorising strikes and aid drops in the Amerli area.
The paper added that Obama is also seeking to piece together an international coalition for potential military action in Syria, where the US has begun reconnaissance flights to track Islamic State militants.
The US focus on Syria comes after President Bashar al-Assad's regime said on Monday it was willing to work with the international community, including Washington, to tackle extremist fighters.
But American officials said they did not plan to coordinate with Damascus on targeting IS militants in Syria, despite Syrian insistence that any military action on its soil must be discussed in advance.
International concern about IS has been rising after a lightning offensive by the group through parts of Iraq and a string of brutal abuses, including the murder of US journalist James Foley.
A UN-mandated probe charged Wednesday that public executions, amputations, lashings and mock crucifixions have become a regular fixture in jihadist-controlled areas of Syria.
"In areas of Syria under (Islamic State) control, particularly in the north and northeast of the country, Fridays are regularly marked by executions, amputations and lashings in public squares," the independent Commission of Inquiry on the human rights situation in Syria said.
Jihadists are also pushing residents, including children, to attend public executions by beheading or a shot to the head, it said.
"Executions in public spaces have become a common spectacle on Fridays," said the report, which also accused Damascus of repeatedly using chemical weapons against civilians.
The US began air raids against IS in Iraq on August 8, in a bid to roll back its advances.
And nine countries have now committed to providing arms to Iraq's Kurdish peshmerga troops, who are fighting IS jihadists in north and east Iraq.
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