Welfare reforms, overseas adoptions and university fee deregulation will all be debated when parliament resumes this week.
But as important as these measures are to the government, they could be overshadowed by Australia's increasing involvement in Iraq.
Prime Minister Tony Abbott on Sunday announced that Australia would join the United States and other allies delivering arms and munitions to Kurdish fighters battling Islamic State militants in Iraq.
The escalation of Australia's involvement in the conflict - the RAAF have been involved in humanitarian airdrops - has again prompted calls from the Greens for a debate in the parliament.
The Greens will this week introduce a bill to require parliamentary approval for overseas deployment, amid claims of "mission creep" in Iraq.
Greens leader Christine Milne and independent Andrew Wilkie demanded the suspension of parliamentary business to immediately debate Australia's intervention in Iraq.
"It is more important than ever that the prime minister tells Australians what is the strategy here, what are we going to commit to," she said on Sunday.
Labor has given bipartisan support to the weapons drops.
After their introduction last week, plans to deregulate university fee, extend commonwealth-supported places to private providers and raise the interest rate for student loans will be debated in the lower house.
Education Minister Christopher Pyne has labelled the controversial budget measures the "greatest reforms of our time".
However, they face strong opposition from Labor, the Greens and crossbenchers.
Sweeping welfare reforms will come before a hostile Senate.
Young people will be forced off welfare benefits for six months, the pension age increased and family tax benefits slashed under the changes announced in the May budget.
A bill to cut red tape for overseas adoptions will be debated on Monday, while parliament will again consider the repeal of the Australian Renewable Energy Agency.
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