The 25-year-old Argentina forward, who has scored six times in five Champions League matches this season, pulled his hamstring after scoring in City's 5-1 win at Tottenham Hotspur on January 29 and has missed the last three matches.
"Aguero did not train today and is not on the squad list for tomorrow, he will not be fit," Pellegrini told reporters at the Etihad Stadium.
"We will see if he can be fit for Saturday but that is also difficult."
There was good news for City, however, as Brazilian midfielder Fernandinho has recovered from a thigh injury and will be in the squad against Barcelona after also missing the last three games.
(Reporting by Mike Collett, editing by Ed Osmond)
