Wolfsburg striker Pernille Harder and Olympique Lyonnais midfielder Dzsenifer Marozsan, who finished behind Martens in the Player of the Year awards last year, were also in the team announced on International Women's Day.
"I am a little surprised that I received most votes of all players," said Barcelona winger Martens.
"Last year was very special. We achieved something beautiful with the Dutch national team. It says a lot that six Dutch players made the list of 55 most voted players."
Marozsan was one of four Lyon players in the list alongside England's Lucy Bronze, and France's Wendie Renard and Camille Abily. Germany's Wolfsburg and U.S. side Orlando Pride had two representatives.
"It is special being voted in the world's best XI by other players," said Marozsan. "My transfer to Lyon from Frankfurt helped me improve on a number of points... those little things make me realise I have advanced to a higher level."
Five players kept their spot in the XI from last year, including Sweden's Nilla Fischer, Germany's Marozsan, Brazil's Marta and America's Alex Morgan. France's Renard is the only player to feature in all three World XI teams so far.
Full XI:
Goalkeeper: Hedvig Lindahl (Sweden, Chelsea FC)
Defenders: Lucy Bronze (England, Olympique Lyon); Nilla Fischer (Sweden, Wolfsburg); Wendie Renard (France, Olympique Lyon); Irene Parades (Spain, Paris St Germain)
Midfielders: Camille Abily (France, Olympique Lyon); Dzsenifer Marozsan (Germany, Olympique Lyon); Marta (Brazil, Orlando Pride)
Forwards: Pernille Harder (Denmark, Wolfsburg); Lieke Martens (Netherlands, Barcelona); Alex Morgan (United States, Orlando Pride)
(Reporting by Shrivathsa Sridhar in Bengaluru; Editing by Toby Davis)
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