Scott Morrison and his new front bench face their first week in parliament without Malcolm Turnbull and without a majority.
Speaker Tony Smith may be required to step off his chair to vote with the government to break voting deadlocks, with Mr Turnbull now out of parliament but not replaced.
Labor is due to welcome back Emma Husar after she was on leave while she was investigated for bullying her staff.
That puts Labor on 69 seats, while there are five crossbenchers.
The government's 76-seat majority is down to just 74, with Mr Turnbull gone, and Nationals MP Keith Hogan promising to move to the cross bench.
With Mr Smith in the Speaker's chair, the government will need Mr Hogan to vote with them every time to deadlock the numbers or else risk losing.
In the Senate the government has a set of uncontroversial legislation it is trying to get through, as it looks to minimise opportunities for Labor to cause problems.
Senators will look at amendments to Treasury laws, aged care reforms and changes to pathology health insurance rules.
In the lower house, changes to laws to stop victims of family violence being cross-examined in court by offenders will be debated.
MPs will also discuss changes to the My Health Record laws, which will be strengthened to protect people's privacy after controversy earlier in the year.
On Wednesday the lower house will also examine legislation in preparation for the Trans-Pacific Partnership being signed.
Trade Minister Simon Birmingham has urged MPs to pass the legislation so the TPP can be made law and benefits can flow through to businesses.
Mr Morrison's new ministers will face their first question time in their new portfolios, as Labor aims to catch them out.
Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton will also face scrutiny over his eligibility to sit in parliament, due to government payments made to childcare centres he has a financial interest in.
He will also face more questions about his use of ministerial intervention powers to give visas to two au pairs in immigration detention in 2015.
Treasurer Josh Frydenberg will reportedly miss his first parliamentary sitting day in the new role, as September 10 marks Rosh Hashana on the Jewish calendar.
Mr Frydenberg and fellow Liberal MP Julian Leeser will be paired with Jewish Labor MPs Mark Dreyfus and Michael Danby on Monday.
