Federal police are investigating possible voter fraud in the regional seat of Indi at the 2013 federal election.
But the issue could stretch beyond the northern Victorian seat to other electorates.
Independent Cathy McGowan defeated sitting Liberal frontbencher Sophie Mirabella by 439 votes at the poll.
The Australian Electoral Commission's integrity unit has been investigating claims 27 voters were falsely enrolled.
But after discovering a number of commonwealth laws may have been breached, the investigation has been handed over to the Australian Federal Police.
"Significant penalties apply for making a false declaration on an electoral enrolment application," AEC acting commissioner Tom Rogers said on Thursday.
It's been reported a number of Ms McGowan's younger backers changed their voter enrolment details to Indi in the weeks before the election and that discrepancies had been found.
Ms McGowan said any unlawful declarations should be investigated, as it was important voters had confidence in the electoral process.
She said she hadn't been contacted by either the AEC or the AFP.
But AAP understands the problem could be more widespread.
After the 2013 election the AEC analysed instances where electors enrolled for a different division in the period leading up to and during the close of rolls and then transferred back to their old address in the period following the close of rolls.
Across the 15 seats analysed, there were 109 instances of this having occurred.
It was most common among 20 to 24 year olds.
The AEC contacted the voters seeking an explanation but found "no evidence of systematic fraud", the commission said in a submission to a parliamentary inquiry in February.
Reasons given by the voters included moving to take up a job or study, carer duties, owning multiple properties and moving between rental properties.
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