The monster storm was about 200 kilometres (125 miles) southeast of Naha City in Japan's southernmost area of Okinawa at 0300 GMT, according to the nation's meteorological agency.
The Joint Typhoon Warning Center has downgraded the storm from a super typhoon, but Japanese officials said it remained "large and very strong" and warned of gusts, high waves, torrential rain and landslides.
Packing gusts of up to 234 kilometres (145 miles) per hour, the typhoon was moving north very slowly, at 10 kilometres (six miles) per hour.
Vongfong is expected to reach near Japan's southern main island of Kyushu by early Monday after brushing off Okinawa.
It may then slam into the archipelago, the meteorological agency said.
Okinawa has already been experiencing gusts and heavy rain, which caused a blackout in more than 17,000 households.
At least 12 people have been injured in the prefecture, including a man who lost a finger after it was caught in a door slammed shut by strong winds, a municipal official said.
Public broadcaster NHK said several more had been injured, including a nine-year-old girl who also caught a finger in the door.
Satellite images of Vongfong show a perfectly formed eye in the middle of a gigantic swirling disc of cloud.
The typhoon came just a week after another strong tropical storm whipped through the country, leaving 11 people dead or missing in the nation prone to natural disasters.
A 6.1 earthquake shook northern Japan on Saturday, two weeks after a volcano in the central part of the archipelago erupted without warning, killing at least 55 hikers.
In late August a downpour in western Japan's Hiroshima triggered massive landslides and killed more than 70 people.
Share
