The Turin side were already two goals ahead when Ronaldo, the joint top scorer in Italy's top flight with 14 goals, saw his spot kick brilliantly saved by Stefano Sorrentino in the 52nd minute after Mattia Bani handled.
Douglas Costa, Emre Can and Daniele Rugani scored their first goals of the season as Juve restored a nine-point lead over Napoli who cut the gap with Sunday's 2-1 win over Lazio.
Juventus have 56 points from a possible 60 as they chase an eighth straight title. Bottom side Chievo have eight points.
The Flying Donkeys held out for only 13 minutes until Costa burst through the Chievo midfield and slipped a shot between two defenders from the edge of the area.
Another moment of individual inspiration created the second goal just before the break as Paulo Dybala ran at the centre of the defence and slipped the ball to Can, who fired a low shot past Sorrentino for his first goal since joining from Liverpool.
After missing his penalty, Ronaldo was frustrated twice more, turning the ball wide from Dybala's cross and then finding the side netting after the Argentine freed him on the left.
Juventus still added a third with a simple far post header from Rugani from Federico Bernardeschi's free kick in the 84th.
(Reporting by Brian Homewood; Editing by Ken Ferris)
