Stalemate in Italian election: what now?

Italy's general election has resulted in a hung parliament in which no single party or coalition commands an overall majority, leaving few options for any new government.

The League and the 5-Star Movement have both claimed the right to form Italy's next government. Source: AAP

The prospect of a grand coalition between Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia (Go Italy) party and the ruling centre-left Democratic Party, envisaged before the vote, is no longer feasible after the two underperformed on election night.

The results leave the populist Five Star Movement (M5S) and the far-right League party in the driving seat as the country looks to cobble together a government with a working majority.

Here are three possible scenarios:

Right-wing coalition

The coalition formed of far-right groups and Silvio Berluconi's centre-right Forza Italia party took 37 percent of the vote, the leading bloc in the poll.

In a stinging defeat for Berlusconi, the anti-immigrant League party headed by Matteo Salvini emerged as the strongest movement within the coalition, taking almost 18 percent of the vote compared to Berlusconi's 14 percent.

The bloc is short of an absolute majority but, speaking after the vote, Salvini said it had the "right and the duty" to govern the country.

The eurosceptic also staked his claim for leadership saying that the leading party in the coalition should nominate the future premier.

Silvio Berluconi's centre-right Forza Italia party took 37 percent of the vote, the leading bloc in the poll. Source: ANSA

Five Star alliance

The maverick populist Five Star Movement (M5S) was the night's success story, sweeping Italy's south to become the single leading party in terms of votes.

Founded in 2009, the anti-establishment party has experienced a meteoric rise to prominence, riding on a wave of anger and frustration against Italy's traditional parties.

Its sharp-suited 31-year-old leader Luigi di Maio said he "felt the responsibility to form a government for Italy" after clinching 32 percent of the vote.

Having previously ruled out forming alliances, Di Maio said the party was ready to open discussions "with all political actors" to help form a majority in parliament.

5-Star Movement's Luigi Di Maio. Source: AP/Alessandra Tarantino

Given its heated rivalry with the Democratic Party and Berlusconi, M5S's most likely ally looked to be the eurosceptic League.

However Salvini swiftly ruled out the prospect of forming a coalition with the M5S.

"N.O. No, underlined three times," Salvini told reporters.

Stalemate

If there is no clear majority, President Sergio Mattarella could choose to leave in place the current centre-left government of Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni.

This would allow time to set up a temporary government to reform the electoral law and organise new elections.

But the process would take time as consultations could only start after parliament's newly-elected lawmakers meet for the first time on March 23 to elect speakers of the two houses of parliament.

After a stalemate following Italy's last election in 2013, it took more than two months to form a government.