Tens of thousands of cheering supporters dancing to music gathered in central Nairobi for giant rallies of the top two frontrunners, Prime Minister Raila Odinga and his neck-and-neck rival Deputy Prime Minister Uhuru Kenyatta.
Loyalists of Kenyatta -- who with his running mate faces a crimes against humanity trial at the International Criminal Court (ICC) for violence after the 2007 polls -- dressed in his party's red colours in the sprawling Uhuru park, meaning, like his first name, "freedom" in Swahili.
Backers of Odinga -- who in 2007 narrowly lost the contested presidential polls in which over 1,100 people were killed and more than 600,000 forced from their homes -- packed the national sports stadium.
Both Kenyatta and Odinga said they were confident of a winning an absolute majority, necessary to avoid a second-round run off.
"I want to promise you that we will change Kenya for the better," said Kenyatta, who danced on stage alongside his fellow ICC-indicted deputy William Ruto.
"Bring even the sick to vote," Odinga urged, after releasing a white dove to symbolise peace, adding that the elections were the most important since Kenya's independence from British colonial rule 50 years ago.
While scuffles broke out at Odinga's rally between security and reported opposition supporters, the gatherings were overwhelmingly peaceful.
Campaigning has been intense, with outgoing President Mwai Kibaki, stepping down after two terms in power, making a "passionate plea for all of us to vote peacefully" in a message broadcast on Friday.
INTIMIDATION AND CORUPTION
In one of the most complex polls Kenya has ever held, voters on Monday will cast six ballots for the president, parliament, governors, senators, councillors and a special women's list.
Some 23,000 observers, including 2,600 international monitors, will be deployed, according to the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) chairman, Ahmed Issack Hassan.
"The elections should be competitive and not combative... let there be victory without victims," he said, saying that all was ready for election day.
Leading candidates have publically pledged there will be no repeat of the bloodshed that followed the disputed 2007 polls, but tensions are running high nonetheless.
The ICC trials due later this year have greatly raised the stakes: should Kenyatta win, the country could face the absence of its president and vice-president for potentially years whilst at The Hague-based ICC.
Watchdogs such as Human Rights Watch have warned that the risk of renewed political violence is "perilously high".
At least 484 people in the country were killed and over 116,000 fled their homes due to ethnic violence last year, according to the United Nations.
The 2007-2008 violence exposed widespread disenchantment with the political class, deep tribal divisions and shattered Kenya's image as a beacon of regional stability.
More checks are in place this time, including better systems to limit vote rigging, greater public awareness of the bloody cost of violence, and a new constitution devolving powers to make the presidential poll less of a winner-takes-all race.
Observers expect some violence in the upcoming polls -- all of Kenya's elections have seen some conflict and election-related attacks have already taken place -- although foreign diplomats say they are cautiously optimistic.
But some Kenyans in flashpoint areas have packed up ahead of the polls, especially in places that saw violence last time, or where a Kenyan belongs to a minority ethnic group in that area.
"In most areas, the campaigns have gone fully ethnic as politicians and their cronies continue to raise emotions and inflame passions as they campaign for votes," the Kenya Human Rights Commission (KHRC) has warned.
The rights group has also condemned evidence it has gathered of politicians handing out cash to win votes, and reported accusations of the purchase of identity cards to allegedly block opponents from casting a ballot.
In western Kenya's Kisumu region -- an Odinga stronghold, where the Luo people dominate -- some members of the Kikuyu tribe have left after warning messages were put under their doors, residents told AFP.
In Nairobi and elsewhere, leaflets have been distributed inciting hatred or calling on minority tribes to leave, while in the main port Mombasa some houses were daubed with black painted crosses, although it was not possible to determine for what reason.
