The death toll currently stands at 290, with more than 100 alleged to be plotters.
Around 6,000 people, including soldiers and judges, have been detained in the resulting crackdown, as the President says he is considering the death penalty for those responsible.
Large crowds surrounded and packed inside Istanbul's famous Fatih Mosque, where some of the nearly 300 killed were laid to rest.
Attending was Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, after the most serious threat to his 13 year reign - first as Prime Minister, now as President.
The coup, led by a faction of military officers, has seemingly been crushed, and thousands have been detained in its aftermath.
Alleged plotters are still being rounded up.
The president blames an exiled Muslim cleric called Fetullah Gulen for the mutiny, telling mourners that Gulen's followers are infecting the state.
"We will continue to cleanse this virus from all our state's insitutions because it has spread. Unfortunately like a cancer it has enveloped the state."
Documents obtained by news network Al Jazeera purportedly reveal new details about the plot, listing 80 officials who would have taken power had the coup succeeded.
Al Jazeera says they include instructions for the military to shoot any police officers who showed resistance.
Tens of thousands of people continue to take to the streets, as the uprising appears to have boosted support for the President's Justice and Development Party, the AKP.
There are growing demands from supporters to reinstate the death penalty to avenge those killed.
President Erdogan says he cannot ignore "the people's will" and is considering it.
"Do not forget that we do not seek revenge. The greatest one who has the right to revenge is God. So we don't need slogans. We need to take every step, after thinking wisely, being guided by our experience. That's why Fetullah Gulen has faced this reaction by the nation, by the people's will."
Fetullah Gulen, who remains in his self-imposed exile in the United States, in Pennsylvania, has denied any involvement.
He and President Erdogan were once friends and political allies but have now become bitter enemies.
President Erdogan says his government would request the extradition of Mr Gulen from the US.
Mr Gulen does not believe US authorities will give in to Turkey's demand, but says he will comply if an extradition ruling is reached.
"I'm not really worried, short of any hidden worry that I'm not aware of consciously, I'm not worried about the extradition request, as I'm not worried about passing away. I'm waiting, actually I'm longing for the afterlife. Therefore, this doesn't worry me at all. But I'm not going to do anything that will harm my dignity, or go against my dignity."
US Secretary of State John Kerry has told US NBC news Turkey must show evidence to warrant an extradition.
"I have no knowledge, I have no evidence whatsoever at this point in time, but I talked with my foreign minister counterpart three times in the last day and I urged him to compile the evidence that they have as rapidly as possible, provide it to us directly through the channels and I pledged to that according to our extradition treaty, according to our legal process and standards, we will immediately evaluate whether or not that evidence is sufficient to merit an extradition."
As President Erdogan attempts to consolidate his power, frightened opposition groups have already accused him of an autocratic and Islamic tilt on a modern and secular state.
But he has received praise from former Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu.
Mr Davutoglu told Al Jazeera the failed coup was a dangerous moment for the country, and requires an authoritative response.
"Yes it was a very great risk, but it was not in the hierarchical order of the army. So those who were against the coup were much more stronger than those who organised the coup. Yes it was a real threat to us, therefore in the (next) 24 hours all those who are in the process are taken to the court."
Turkey is currently a shaken, divided nation with a government seizing the moment to tighten control.
But citizens say they are proud their country thwarted the chaos.
"It's very inspiring, it's a great feeling that the people could stand up to any coups."
"They stand against the ullets. It's a very brave moment in our history."
