Tens of thousands of people have joined rallies in cities across Europe, singing the Marseillaise and holding up pens in solidarity with France after terror attacks left 17 people dead.
Some 20,000 people marched through the Belgian capital Brussels, holding banners saying "United against hate" and "Freedom of speech".
In Berlin, 9000 joined the march while in Madrid's Plaza de Sol, hundreds descended on the streets with red, white and blue French flags, and singing the French national anthem.
Top Belgian cartoonist Philippe Gelluck was at the Brussels march to show support for murdered colleagues from the French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo.
"We have to fight on, like our parents and grandparents did, against religious fascism. I will continue more than ever, in honour of my fallen friends, and the idea of freedom," he said.
"I know the Muslim community feels wounded and humiliated by these cartoons, but they were not taking aim at Islam but at fundamentalism."
Elsewhere in Europe, about 3000 people turned out in driving snow and sub-zero conditions in Stockholm, many holding pens in the air.
Others were shielding candles from the wind in a silent vigil for the victims, according to Journalists Without Borders which organised the Swedish rally.
"It's important to stand up for democracy and freedom of expression and show solidarity with the people who were affected," Goeran Andersson, a 72 year-old pensioner said.
"This could lead to a growth in Islamophobia, that's what the fundamentalists want - to polarise people. But I think France and other countries have reacted very well."
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