The US will step up its support for African armies battling Islamic extremists or conducting dangerous peacekeeping missions, President Barack Obama says.
Marking the end of a historic Washington summit with African leaders and officials representing 50 nations, Obama said boosting Africa's security would help shore up its economic achievements
Tens of billions of dollars in investments and financial support had already been announced, but Obama said the continent needs to redouble reform efforts to deepen growth and opportunity.
African countries have impressive economic strides, but need to slash corruption, improve human rights, especially the rights of women, and strengthen the rule of law, he warned.
"This summit reflects the reality that, even as Africa continues to face great challenges, we're also seeing the emergence of a new, more prosperous Africa," Obama told reporters on Wednesday after the talks.
"We agreed that Africa's growth depends, first and foremost, on continued reforms in Africa by Africans."
While governance and security were important in the summit, Obama delivered to the 45 heads of state and government that came to Washington about $US33 billion ($A35.70 billion) in new commitments of investment and loans, much of it to targeting the continent's vastly undersupplied electric power capacity.
The new money for power plants will help deliver power to 60 million African households and businesses, he said.
In addition to that, he said the US collective of non-governmental aid and development groups, InterAction, was promising $US4 billion in new funds for health care and medicines in Africa.
"Combined with the investments we announced yesterday and the agreements made today, this summit has helped to mobilise some $US37 billion for Africa's progress," Obama said.
The long-awaited summit aimed in part at deepening economic relations and increasing trade between the two sides, and brought together hundreds of top business executives.
The US has stood aside as China and Europe have pushed in front to take part in Africa's economic takeoff.
African businessmen criticised their American counterparts for holding on to outdated stereotypes of a backwards, corrupt and risk-laden continent - despite the presence of top US CEOs.
But African leaders also admitted they have much work to do, even as they welcomed US attention.
The new security measures included a pledge of $US110 million a year over the next three to five years to help African militaries rapidly deploy peacekeeping troops to conflicts.
That effort will first involve Senegal, Ghana, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda, which will commit troops to a stand-by force ready to assist United Nations and African Union missions.
"We will join with six countries that have demonstrated a track record as peacekeepers," Obama said.
In addition, the US committed $US65 million to a new initiative to strengthen the abilities of law enforcement and justice authorities in six western African nations to combat transnational threats such as drug trafficking and extremist groups like al-Qaeda and Boko Haram.
Obama stressed, however, that reforms are still crucial to battling security threats.
"One of the best inoculators is a society in which everybody feels that they have a stake in the existing order and they feel their grievances can be resolved through political means rather than through violence," he said.
"That's just one more reason why good governance has to be part of the recipe that we use for a strong, stable and prosperous Africa."
Obama repeated Washington's call for Egypt to free three jailed Al Jazeera journalists, including Australian Peter Greste, and called on African governments in general to respect freedom of the press.
Only pariah African countries were not invited to send a delegation: Sudan, led by war crimes indictee Omar al-Bashir; Robert Mugabe's Zimbabwe; and the Eritrea of autocrat Issaias Afeworki.
The Central African Republic, which has a transitional administration not recognised by the African Union, was also absent.
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