At least 30 people were killed in what the organisation has called a war crime.
It is close to two months since a hospital run by the medical charity Medecins Sans Frontieres in the north Afghanistan city of Kunduz was devastated in an airstrike.
The United States military's report into the incident has now largely blamed human factors, saying procedure was not followed, along with several technical failures.
The commander of international and US forces in Afghanistan, General John Campbell, says a gunship crew was told to target a building it thought the Taliban had taken control of.
That building had been the headquarters of the Afghan intelligence service NDS.
But General Campbell says, due to the malfunction of several board systems, along with difficult working conditions, a fatal error occurred.
"According to the report, the aircrew concluded, based on the JTAC's description of a large building, near a field, that the MSF trauma centre was the NDS headquarters. Tragically, this misidentification continued throughout the remainder of the operation, even though there were some contradictory indicators."
General Campbell says several chances to avoid the disaster were missed, including the plane's targeting system correcting itself to show the true location of the NDS headquarters.
He says the crew ignored that and not even the hospital's protected "no-strike" status alerted forces to the impending tragedy.
"One minute prior to firing, the air crew transmitted to their operational headquarters at Bagram airfield that they were about to engage the building. The headquarters was aware of the coordinates for the MSF trauma centre and had access to the no-strike list, but did not realise that the grid coordinates for the target matched a location on the no-strike list or that the air crew was preparing to fire on the hospital."
The resulting aerial attack lasted around 29 minutes, with the final death toll at 30 patients and staff.
Another 37 people were injured.
A statement released on MSF's website says the results of the investigation leave the group with more questions than answers.
MSF accuses the United States of what it calls gross negligence.
It says the attack appears to have happened simply because the hospital was the closest large building to an open field and roughly matched the description of an intended target.
US Brigadier General Wilson Shoffner says the military is committed to ensuring the truth comes out, and he announced those involved have been disciplined.
"Some individuals have been suspended from their duty positions. I can also say that US authorities may direct additional investigations to determine whether further actions are warranted regarding actions of specific individuals who were involved. Should additional investigations be required, those will be made public, once complete and redacted."
He says the reports' recommendations will not be made public until all investigations are finished.
General Campbell says the most important thing is stopping such a tragedy from ever happening again.
"We have learned from this terrible incident. We'll also take appropriate administrative and disciplinary action through a process that is fair and thoroughly considers the available evidence. We will study what went wrong and take the right steps to prevent it in the future."
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