There is "criminal engagement" in 25 per cent of all global sport, according to World Anti-Doping Agency chief executive David Howman.
The WADA boss, speaking at a conference in London on Monday, said doping - WADA's area of responsibility - bribery and match-fixing were all linked.
"Twenty-five per cent of sport worldwide has criminal engagement, Howman told the International Centre for Sport Security's 'Securing Sport' conference.
"It's information that's given to us by law enforcement people. They've been telling us this now for a couple of years," he added.
"The people who are distributing and making a lot of money out of steroids - and not necessarily at elite level, even at kids - are the same guys involved in match-fixing and bribery and so on."
Meanwhile, Howman said WADA had still to hear about the state of its appeal against a Spanish court's ruling to obliterate evidence connected to the Operacion Puerto trial.
Dr Eufemiano Fuentes received a one-year suspended sentence in 2013 for his part in running a massive sports doping programme, but following the case, a Madrid court ruled all evidence relating to the case, including 200 blood bags, be destroyed.
Howman added: "We lodged an appeal 16 months ago and we have had no word from the Court of Appeal in Spain. Athletes are really annoyed about it."
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