Rolling stoppages by Bureau of Meteorology staff are not expected to affect weather forecasts and warnings.
The Community and Public Sector Union says its members will be legally protected to strike at any time between 4.30am and 7.30pm from Wednesday until next Tuesday, with further action possible.
Rolling strikes mean CPSU members will be able to walk off the job at times they judge will cause the maximum disruption to management, the union's deputy secretary Beth Vincent-Pietsch said.
"Weather bureau staff have already taken an extraordinary amount of industrial action - around 10 weeks since July - but they're going back on strike because their bosses are still not listening," she said.
The union said the industrial action will not directly affect the public as far as possible.
The BoM said the Australian community will continue to receive timely forecasts and warnings during the period of protected industrial action.
"The Bureau's robust procedures and practices will ensure services essential for Australians' safety and security will continue," it said on Tuesday.
The long-running dispute centres on enterprise bargaining negotiations.
The CPSU said BoM management has refused to back down on cuts to rights and conditions that other government agencies have dropped.
The union has previously cited plans to reduce shift penalties, remote location allowances and travel entitlements.
The BoM said management and bargaining representatives are continuing to discuss areas of concern with the current draft enterprise agreement.
