Australia Explained: Fahmidda Xuquuqda Dhulka ee Aboriginal-ka

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad maqashay dad debed-baxaya oo ku qaylinaya “ What do we want? Land rights. Oo macneheedu yahay ‘maxaynu rabnaaa’, waxaynu rabnaa Xuquuq dhul”. Waaa maxay macneheedu? Dhulku, ama sida ay u yaqaannaan “Country”, wuxuu udub-dhexaad u yahay astaanta, dhaqanka iyo bed-qabka dadka Aboriginal-ka iyo kuwa Torres Strait Islanader-ka. Macnaha Country ama dhul, kuma koobna oo keliya dhulka. Waxaa ku jira, biyo-mareennada, cirka iyo dhammaan noocyada noolaha.

Several thousand marchers celebrate the 50th anniversary Wave Hill Walk-off in Kalkarindji on Friday August 19, 2016. On August 22 1966 Vincent Lingiari led several hundred Gurindji people off Wave Hill Station in a protest to gain fair wages, which morphed into the battle for land rights, which took nine years to eventuate. Credit: AAP Image/Neda Vanovac

Key Points

• Land rights return certain areas of Crown land — not private property — to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities for cultural, social, and economic benefit.
• Land rights, native title, and treaty are different legal and political processes, but all aim to recognise First Nations peoples’ connection to Country and support self-determination.
• The movement began with events like the 1966 Wave Hill Walk-Off, leading to landmark laws such as the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976, with progress still ongoing today.

Sannado badan, lama aqoonsannin muhiimadda uu dhulku u leeyahay iyo xuddunta ugu taalla dadka Aboriginalka ah iyo kuwa Torres Strait Islander-ka ah. Waxaa la sameeyey oo la siiyey xuquuq sharci ku salaysan oo la yiraahdo “ Land rights, si ay ay maamushaan dhulalkooda.

Dadka Aboriginalka ah iyo kuwa Torres Strait Islander-ku, intii ka horreyse addoonsigii, tobannaan kun oo sano ayay dhulka degganaayeen oo daryeelayeen. Laakiin addoonsigii ayaa dhulkaas ka qaaday isagoo oo aan wax hesshiis ah la gelin. Addoonsigu wuxuu si been ah dhulka ugula bexeen magac la yiraahdo

Addoonsigu wuxuu si been ah dhulka ugula bexeen magac la yiraahdo “terra nullius’ oo macneheedu yahay ‘dhul aan cidi lahayn”.

Ra'iisal-wasaare Gough Whitlam oo calaamad ahaan ugu soo celinaya dad reer Grindji 16 kii August 1975-kii, isagoo ciid ku shubay gacanta Vincent Lingiari. Source: AAP

How did Aboriginal land rights begin?

Sannadkii 1966 waxaa bilaabmay dhaqdhaqaaqii xuquuqda dhulka oo ku bilaabmay shaqo-joojin iyo bannaan-bax loo bixiyey “Wave Hill Walk-Off”.

1967 -na waxaa la qabtay doorasho qaran oo lagu oggolaaday in dowladdu sharciyo u samayso dadka First Nations. Sannadkii 1976-na waxaa Northern Territory laga anxisyey sharcigii Aboriginal land Rights Act, kaas oo noqday sharcigii ugu horreeyey ee aqoonsada sheegashada dhulka ee dadkii soo jireenka ahaa ay sheeganayeen

In kasta oo dowlad-goboleedyada Australia qaarkood leeyihiin sharciyo dhul oo u gaar ah, haddana, illaa hadda ma jiro sharci qaran oo xuquuqda dhulka u yaallaa.

What does Aboriginal land rights cover?

Xuquuqdan dhulka ama land rigths-ku waxay ku ansaxdaa oo keliya dhulka dowladdu leedahay ee loo yaqaan “Crown land”. Sharcigaasi ma qabto dhulka gaar loo leeyahay. Shuruudda ku xidhannina waa in aan la iibin karin, deyn-na aan lagu qaadan karin, waxaana lagu xafidaa nidaam lagu kalsoon yahay, iyadoo ay dadka First Nations-ka ahi dar-yeelan karaan, go’aanna ka gaadhi karaan dhulka.

Waxaa jira saddaxdan waxyaabood oo aalaaba macnahooda la isku murgiyo:

1. Land rights

2. Native rights

3. Treaty.

Aynu kala iftiiminno:

Land rights: Waa sharciyada ay dowladdu samayso oo ay dhulalka qaarkood ugu soo celiso bulshooyinka Aboriginalka iyo kuwa Torres Strait Island-ka ah. Dhulalkan, sida caadiga ah waxaa maamulaha guddiyo metela isla markaana taageera bulhsooyinkaas.

Native Title: Waa aqoonsi sharci oo ah, in bulshooyinka First Nations weli ay leeyihiin xuquuq ku saleysan dhaqamadoodii iyo xeerarkoodii soo jireenka ahaa—kuwaasoo ay kusoo dhaqmayee kumannaan sano.

Kand saddexaad oo ah Treaty: Waa heshiis rasmi ah oo dhex mara dowladaha iyo bulshooyinka dhulka loogu yimid. Wadamo kale ayaa horey u sameeyey heshiikan oo kale, sida New Zealand iyo Canada.

Saddexdaa qodob, waxay ujeedadoodu tahay in la helo caddaalad, aqoonsi dhab ah, iyo isbeddel macno leh.

The Wave Hill walk-off, led by Vincent Lingiari, was a pivotal moment in Australian Aboriginal land rights history. In 1966, Gurindji stockmen, domestic workers, and their families walked off Wave Hill Station in protest against poor working conditions and a lack of land rights. Credit: National Museum Australia

Maxay xuquuqda dhulka ee Aboriginalku muhiim u tahay?

Dib u soo celinta dhulku waxay u oggolaaneysaa bulshooyinka, in ay dib ugu xidhmaan luqadoodii, dhaqankoodii, iyo dhulkoodii. Waxayna kale oo faa’iido u leeyihiin guryeynta, caafimaadka, iyo madaxbannaanida dhaqaale.

Dr. Virginia Marshall—oo ah haweeney ka soo jeeda Wiradjuri Nyemba[[wi-RAD-joo-ree NYEM-ba]] isla markaana ah khabiir ku takhasustay xuquuqda biyaha ayaa sharaxaysa muhiimadda xiriirka qotada dheer ee ay dadka First Nations la leeyihiin dhulka iyo biyaha.

“Biyuhu way nala hadlaan, geedahuna way nala hadl aan, laakiin uma baahnin inaan qaadanno aragtida deegaan-dabiiciga ee reer galbeedka, kuwaas oo aan ku salaysnayn fahamkayaga, sharcigayaga iyo fahamkayaga sheekooyinka abuurista"]].”

Waa muhiim in la fahmo in xuquuqda dhulka ee la siiyo dadka dhulka loogu yimid aanay micnaheedu ahayn in dadka kale laga qaadayo dhulkooda iyo guryahooda. Xuquuqdan waxaa lagu bixin karaa oo  keliya dhulka dowladda (Crown land), mana khusayso dhulka gaar loo leeyahay. Waa uun in dhul loo soo celiyo bulshooyinka First Nations, ka dib marka la aqoonsado inay horey usoo degganaan jireen muhiimmad dhaqanna uu u leehayay.

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