Israeli President Isaac Herzog's visit to Australia, prompted by the Bondi massacre, is set to begin amidst nationwide protests and demands for his arrest.
The head of state begins his official visit in Sydney on Monday after an invitation from the Albanese government following the terrorist attack, which targeted a Jewish Hanukkah celebration on 14 December.
The alleged Islamic State-inspired father-and-son gunmen killed 15 people and wounded more than 40 others.
Herzog will meet with politicians and Jewish community leaders, some of whom say the figurehead's visit will bring great comfort.
But other groups oppose him setting foot on Australian soil, calling for federal police to investigate the Israeli president for alleged war crimes.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is subject to an International Criminal Court arrest warrant, but Herzog is not — and is granted customary immunity under international law as a visiting head of state.
Rallies organised nationwide
Protests have been organised around the country against Herzog's visit, where the prosecution of the new hate speech laws could be carried out.
NSW Premier Chris Minn's formally declared his visit a major event, granting police extra powers to block movement in the city centre.
But protest organisers Palestine Action Group (PAG) has flagged an urgent NSW Supreme Court challenge arguing the powers are excessive, unjustified and unlawful. The hearing is scheduled before Justice Robertson Wright on Monday morning — hours before the rally is due to take place.
"Instead of defending human rights, the NSW government is using emergency-style powers to shield a visiting head of state from public scrutiny and accountability," PAG spokesman Josh Lees said.
Police have been negotiating with the protesters, asking them to alter their route outside a restricted zone through the heart of Sydney.
The protesters have denied the request and insist they will gather at Sydney Town Hall before marching to NSW Parliament.
For the NSW government's special event, public-safety arrangements will bolster the number of police deployed during Herzog's visit, while anyone who fails to comply with directions will face penalties — which include fines of up to $5,500.
The Israeli president's role is largely ceremonial
Herzog holds a largely ceremonial role as his nation's head of state, and will not address the federal parliament during his visit, the government has confirmed.
Nevertheless, Herzog sparked outrage in 2023 for being photographed signing an Israeli artillery shell.
He later said the munition was a smokescreen rather than an explosive device, but described the signing as an error.
A United Nations inquiry found his comments after the Hamas terror attack on Israel on 7 October, 2023 — in which he described Palestinians as an "entire nation out there that is responsible" — to reasonably be interpreted as incitement for genocide.
Israel has repeatedly denied allegations of genocide and Herzog subsequently clarified his remarks, which he said were taken out of context.
The Israeli president has defended his Australian visit from criticism, saying his visit is important to the Australian Jewish community reeling from the attack.
Mixed feelings about visit in the Jewish community
Executive Council of Australian Jewry co-chief executive Alex Ryvchin said Herzog's visit would "lift the spirits of a pained community".
"We hope it will lead to a much-needed recalibration of bilateral relations between two historic allies," he said.
"President Herzog is a patriot and a person of dignity and compassion and holds an office that is above party politics."
Judith Treanor, from Jews Against the Occupation '48 Australia, said the visit told the world that "genocide is compatible with Jewish identity".
"There are Jews who support Israel and Jews who don't ... Herzog must be investigated, (he's) not welcomed here," she said.
The Jewish Council of Australia launched a major advertising campaign on Monday, printing a public letter condemning the visit — signed by more than 1,000 Jewish Australians.
"We refuse to let our collective grief be used to legitimise a leader whose rhetoric has been part of inciting a genocide against Palestinians in Gaza and has contributed to the illegal annexation of the West Bank," executive officer Sarah Schwartz said on Monday.
Pro-Palestinian slogans may be outlawed in Queensland
Meanwhile, in a nation-first move that forms part of sweeping laws to target antisemitism, a controversial slogan calling for Palestinian liberation is set to be outlawed in Queensland.
Queensland would become the first state to expressly ban the use of the phrase "from the river to the sea", which has been widely adopted by pro-Palestinian supporters, should its parliament pass newly proposed legislation.
The slogan "globalise the intifada" will also become a proscribed phrase under the proposed laws, leaving anyone displaying or uttering the words liable for a maximum two-year prison sentence.
Queenslanders who display hate symbols, recite terrorist slogans, harass or cause damage at a place of worship could face up to seven years in prison under the planned changes.
The legislation, due to be introduced to parliament in the coming week, follows the state's rejection of a proposed federal gun buyback scheme following the Bondi terror attack.
NSW is also looking to outlaw the "intifada" call, but is yet to legislate the move.
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