O le a tonu le mea na tupu i le Aso 26 o Ianuari?

MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA - JANUARY 26: Proud Gunai and Gunditjmara woman Meriki Onus takes part in the Invasion Day Rally on January 26, 2025 in Melbourne, Australia. Australia Day, formerly known as Foundation Day, is the official national day of Australia and is celebrated annually on January 26 to commemorate the arrival of the First Fleet to Sydney in 1788. Many Indigenous Australians refer to the day as 'Invasion Day' and there is a small but growing movement to change the date amid broader debate on the day's significance. (Photo by Darrian Traynor/Getty Images) Credit: Darrian Traynor/Getty Images

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O le Aso 26 o Ianuari o loo molimauina pea le malolosi ma 'ese'ese iai o finagalo fa'aalia o tagata i Ausetalia. E fa'aigoaina e nisi o le aso fanau o le atunu'u, ae le o le aso lea na fa'avaeina ai le Malo Taupulega o Ausetalia. Peita'i o se aso i le tala fa'asolopito o loo fa'ailogaina i le te'ena o faigamalo kolone ma o loo fa'aauau ona tete'e iai tagata muamua i Ausetalia.

Key Points

O le First Fleet na taunu'u i Botany Bay i le Aso 18 o Ianuari 1788, ae le o le Aso 26 o Ianuari.
O le Aso 7 o Fepuari 1788 na fa'avae ai le ae le o le Aso 26 o Ianuari.
O le Aso 26 o Ianuari ua tele tausaga o tete'e iai Tagata Muamua i Ausetalia.

O le tala lenei o loo faavae i se ripoti a le NITV na fa'amaopoopoina ma lipotia e John-Paul Janke, le fa'atonu, National Indigenous Affairs Editor i le SBS ma le polokalame The Point on NITV. O loo fa'amatalaina ai le avea o le Aso 26 o Ianuari ma le Australia Day ma mafua'aga o le 'ese'ese pea o finagalo fa'aalia iai o tagata i le atunu'u.

O le a le mea na tupu i Ausetalia i le Aso 26 o Ianuari?
Na taunu'u le First Fleet i le Aso 26o Ianuari?
O anafea na fa'avae aloa'ia ai Ausetalia?
O a a'afiaga o Tagata Muamua mai le First Fleet?
Aisea na avea ai le Aso 26 o Ianuari ma Australia Day?
E fa'apine i le Australia Day malo taupulega?
O anafea na amata fa'aaogaina ai le fa'a'upuga Australia Day?
Aisea e avea ai le Aso 26 o Ianuari ma Aso Fa'avauvau mo Tagata Muamua?
O anafea na avea ai le Australia Day ma aso malolo?
Aisea e avea ai le Aso 26 o Ianuari ma Aso Fa'avauvau mo Tagata Muamua?

O le a le mea na tupu i Ausetalia i le Aso 26 o Ianuari?

O le Aso 26 o Ianuari i le 1788, na sisi ai e Captain Arthur Phillip le fu'a a Peretania i Sydney Cove. I le mae'a ai o le 8 masina o le folauga a ni va'a e 11 mai Peretania ma tau i Port Jackson i le taulaga ua fa'aigoaina nei o Sini.

E tele ina va'ai i le aso lea o le amataga o le atunu'u o Ausetalia. Peita'i, e le o le aso tonu lea na taunu'u ai papalagi mai Peretania ma fa'avaeina le malo kolone.

Sydney Cove, New South Wales, Australia, 1788, (1886). Sydney Cove is a bay on the southern shore of Sydney Harbour. It was the site chosen in 1788 by Captain Arthur Phillip for the establishment of the first British colony in Australia, which later became the city of Sydney. The date of the colony's founding, 26 January, is today celebrated as Australia Day. Wood engraving from 'Picturesque Atlas of Australasia, Vol I', by Andrew Garran, illustrated under the supervision of Frederic B Schell, (Picturesque Atlas Publishing Co, 1886). (Photo by The Print Collector/Print Collector/Getty Images) Credit: Print Collector/Print Collector/Getty Images

Na taunu'u tonu le First Fleet i le Aso 26 o Ianuari?

Leai. Na amata ona taunu'u mai va'a o le First Fleet i Botany Bay i le Aso 18 o Ianuari 1788. Ina ua faia sa'iliga a Capt Arthur Phillip, na ia manatu ai e le talafeagai le 'ele'ele ona nofoia ma 'uti'uti le suavai e feinu ai.

O le malosi o le matagi na faatuai ai ona toe faaauau le folauga, ae o le Aso 25 o Ianuari, na iloa ai ni va'a na tautaia e le ali'i Farani o Captain Jean-François de La Pérouse, i le gataifale. O le mafua'aga lea o le faia e Arthur Phillip o se sauniga e sisi ai le fu'a Peretania i le Aso 26 o Ianuari i Sydney Cove.

O anafea na fa'avae aloa'ia ai Ausetalia?

O le kolone o New South Wales na fa'avae aloa'ia i le Aso 7 o Fepuari 1788, ina ua aloa'ia le avea o Arthur Phillip ma kovana.

O tua'oi o le kolone na fuaina i fa'ai'uga a papalagi ma feagaiga, e ui o le 'ele'ele ua faitau afe tausaga o nonofo ma aumau ai Tagata Muamua.

Arthur Phillip, British naval commander, c 1789.

UNITED KINGDOM - JUNE 10: Engraving by W Sherwin after a painting by F Wheatly, of Phillip (1738-1814) who, in 1787, commanded the First Fleet carrying convicts to Australia. The day of his landing at Botany Bay, 26 January 1788, was later celebrated as Australia Day. Phillip founded a penal colony at Sydney Cove, Port Jackson, and was made Governor (colonial administrator) of New South Wales. (Photo by SSPL/Getty Images) Credit: Science & Society Picture Librar/SSPL via Getty Images

O a a'afiaga o Tagata Muamua mai le taunu'u o papalagi?

Na taunu'u le First Fleet i 'ele'ele (Country) e pulea ma nonofo ai nu'u o Tagata Muamua e 29 i le li'o o le taulaga, le Sydney Basin. Sa nofoia e tagata le 'ele'ele.

Mo Tagata Muamua, o le Aso 26 o Ianuari e fa'apine ai le ave'esea fa'amalosi o fanua ma le sauaina, atoa lo latou tete'e iai. O a'afiaga nei o loo faalogoina pea e oo mai i aso nei.

Aisea na avea ai le Aso 26 o Ianuari ma Australia Day?

Na amata fa'amauina le Aso 26 o Ianuari o se aso malolo i New South Wales i le 1818 i se fa'atonuga a le Koavana Lachlan Macquarie. Sa fa'aigoaina o le First Landing Day poo le Foundation Day.

E oo i le tausaga 1888, o le tele o vaega o le atunu'u sa fa'amanatuina le Foundation Day poo le Anniversary Day i le Aso 26 o Ianuari.

I le fa'ai'uga o le senituri 19, na malosi le finauga mai le Asosi le Australian Natives Association mo se aso malolo o le atunu'u atoa i le Aso 26 o Ianuari. O le Asosi lenei sa na o ali'i papalagi na fa'ataga ona auai iai.

E fa'apine i le Australia Day se malo taupulega?

Leai. O le malo taupulega le, Commonwealth of Australia, na fa'ato'a fa'avaeina i le Aso 1 o Ianuari 1901. O le tauaofiaga muamua o le palemene tele, na fa'ato'a faia i le Aso 9 o Me 1901.

O le Aso 26 o Ianuari, e na ona fa'amanatu ai le taunu'u o papalagi i Sydney Cove i le 1788.

O anafea na amata fa'aaogaina ai le Australia Day?

O le manatu mo se aso fa'amanatu o le atunu'u le Australia Day na amata i le taimi o le taua muamua o le lalolagi.

E oo mai i le 1918, ua tele ina faaigoaina e faalapotopotoga i le atunuu le Aso 26 o Ianuari o le Australia Day. I le 1930, na aloa'ia ai ona fa'aaogaina e le Asosi le Australian Natives Association le Aso 26 o Ianuari, ma i le 1935, na aloa'ia ai fo'i e le tele o setete, se'i vagana New South Wales na fa'aauau lava ona faaigoaina le aso o le Anniversary Day mo ni tausaga na soso'o ai.

Aisea e avea ai le Aso 26 o Ianuari o se Aso Fa'avauvau mo Tagata Muamua?

I le 1938, i le fa'amanatuina o le 150 tausaga o le taunu'u mai o tagata papalagi, na fa'amaopoopoina ai e ta'ita'i o tagata muamua le Aso Fa'avauvau, (Day of Mourning). O se amataga lea o le tete'e a tagata Aboriginal i le finauina oa latou aia tatau ma le tulaga na faoa ai lo latou tofi.

Na amata mai ai ona molimauina le tele o tete'e a tagata muamua e faia i le Aso 26 o Ianuari.

What were the Australian Wars and why is history not acknowledged?

SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA - JANUARY 26: A general view is seen during Australia Day Live 2024 at the Sydney Opera House on January 26, 2024 in Sydney, Australia. (Photo by Don Arnold/WireImage) Credit: Don Arnold/WireImage

Aisea e taua ai le Australia Day i aso nei?

E 'ese'ese mafaufauga o tagata i le taua o le Aso 26 o Ianuari. Mo nisi o se aso e maopoopo ai tagata i le fa'amanatuina o le atunu'u. Mo Tagata Muamua, o le aso na osofa'ia ai ma faoa o latou 'ele'ele ma le tofi.

This Australia Explained story was produced in collaboration with NITV. Audio from John-Paul Janke is extracted from an NITV video explainer.

What does January 26 mean to Indigenous Australians?

Who are the Stolen Generations?

Your first steps to engaging with Indigenous Australians

Transcript

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SBS acknowledges the Traditional Custodians of Country and their connections and continuous care for the skies, lands and waterways across Australia.

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You're listening to Australia Explained, an SBS audio podcast helping you navigate life in Australia.

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January 26th, known as Australia Day, is marked as a public holiday across Australia, but its history is far from straightforward. For some people, it's seen as the date the First Fleet arrived in Sydney in 1788. For many others, including First Nations peoples, it represents the beginning of profound loss,

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disruption and resistance. Many Australians still assume the First Fleet landed at Sydney Cove on the 26th of January 1788. But the fact is they first reached Botany Bay on the 18th of January.

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The First Fleet had landed on the lands of some 29 clan groups whose country stretched across the entire Sydney Basin.

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This is Australia Explained, and I'm your host, Maram Ismail. In this episode, you will learn the history behind January twenty-sixth, why it became a public holiday in Australia, and why it is understood and experienced so differently across the country.

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You're about to embark on a historical journey guided by John-Paul Janke, the National Indigenous Affairs editor at the SBS and co-host of The Point on NITV. He traces how the 26th of January became the date officially observed as Australia Day and why its meaning continues to shift and spark debate across the country.

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So, where and how did it all start?

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Many see January 26th as a day that commemorates the arrival of the First Fleet at Sydney in 1788 and the beginnings of a nation.

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But did you know that the First Fleet, a group of 11 ships, had actually started arriving in Botany Bay eight days earlier on January 18, 1788. Captain Arthur Phillip found Botany Bay unsuitable to establish the new colony.

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Later, Phillip and his party returned to Botany Bay on the evening of January 23rd.

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And gave instructions for the entire fleet to set sail for Port Jackson immediately.

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Strong headwinds kept the fleet trapped in Botany Bay, and the next day the crews were shocked to see two strange ships appear outside Botany Bay. They were French ships under the command of Captain La Perouse. On Jan 25th, the weather forced

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all but one of the ships to again abandon their efforts. The ship that succeeded was the supply. Early on the morning of the twenty-sixth, Phillip and his party rowed ashore. The Union Jack was planted, a little ceremony took place with only a few dozen marines, officers and oarsmen, while the convicts witnessed it from the deck of the supply.

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By evening, the entire fleet had anchored in and around Sydney Cove more than 8 months after leaving England.

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So, was this the formal start to the colony?

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Well, no, it wouldn't be until February 7th that the new colony is formally founded, and Arthur Phillips' governorship is formally proclaimed. The colony included all of Australia eastward from the meridian of 135 degrees east.

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This included more than half the mainland of Australia and reflected the line of division between the claims of Spain and Portugal that was established in the Treaty of Tortoscila in 1494.

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And of course, as Australia has now come to formally recognise, the land was not vacant.

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The First Fleet had landed on the lands of some 29 clan groups, whose country stretched across the entire Sydney Basin. The 26th of January was first gazetted as a public holiday for the colony of New South Wales by Governor Lachlan Macquarie in 1818, when it was referred to as First Landing Day or Foundation Day.

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The other colonies

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had different founding day holidays. By 1888, January 20th was celebrated in most colonies as Foundation Day or Anniversary Day.

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During the latter part of the 19th century, a group called the Australian Natives Association became a strong lobby group for federation and for celebrating a national holiday on

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January 26th, the Australian Natives Association was founded by and for the benefit of white native born Australians.

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And membership was restricted to that group. Many people assume Australia Day marks the creation of the Commonwealth, but that's not the case.

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What the people celebrate on Australia Day is not the coming into being of the

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Australian Commonwealth that happened on New Year's Day 1901, and it's not the first sitting of the Parliament of the Commonwealth. That was May 9th, 1901.

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Instead, the date marks the 1788 landing of Captain Arthur Phillips. Officials, Marines, and transported convicts from England landed on the shores of Sydney Cove.

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So, when did the name we know today emerge?

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It was actually during the First World War that the concept of a national Australia Day came about, and initially it was part of a fundraising plan for the war effort.

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However, events were held in

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July for several years. By 1918, some branches of the Australian Natives Association were referring to January 20th as Australia Day, while others still preferred Foundation Day or Anniversary Day.

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In March 1930, the ANA annual conference resolved to name the day Australia Day, and by 1935, most Australian states were recognising January 26th as Australia Day, except for New South Wales, which still referred to the date as

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Anniversary day.

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But the story of the date is not just about celebration - it's also about resistance. Three years later, in 1938, on the 150th anniversary of the landing, First Nations leaders organised a day of mourning.

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This was one of the earliest national Aboriginal civil rights protests. It was actually much later, in 1994, when the public holiday eventually became nationally aligned.

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Some states had a public holiday on the 26th of January, while others used the first Monday following in 1988,

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the states all marked the bicentennial of Arthur Phillips Landing as a public holiday, gazetting of the 26th of January as the Australia Day public holiday finally became uniform in 1994.

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The history of the 26th of January is long, complicated, and deeply felt. It's a date that represents celebration for some and mourning, protest, and survival for many First Nations peoples. As conversations continue across the country, understanding the history behind this date is part of a growing movement toward truth-telling.

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This Australia explained episode was produced in collaboration with NITV. The audio from John-Paul Janke is extracted from a video explainer produced by NITV.

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This was an SBS audio podcast. For more Australia explained stories, visit sbs.com.au/Australiaexplained.

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Subscribe or follow the Australia Explained podcast for more valuable information and tips about settling into your new life in Australia. Do you have any questions or topic ideas? Send us an email to australiaexplained@sbs.com.au.

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