Ukrainian authorities say at least 25 people died due to the attack in the town of Chaplyne on Ukraine's Independence Day.
But the Russian Defence Ministry said it targeted a military train claiming to have killed more than 200 Ukrainian reservists - who were allegedly delivering arms to Ukrainian forces on frontlines in the eastern Donbas region.
The latest attack comes as concerns grow about the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant which had its last regular line of electricity briefly cut before being restored.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy says the temporary cut illustrates the real dangers involved in managing the plant which is under Russian control.