ኣጠቓቕማ መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ (sunscreen) ኣብ ኣውስትራሊያ

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Sunscreen is a vital part of our sun protection toolbox. Credit: LOUISE BEAUMONT/Getty Images

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ኣብ ኣውስትራሊያ ዘሎ ጸሓይ ከቢድ ክኸውን ይኽእል ። ምጥቃም መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ ድማ ሓደ ካብቲ ቀንዲ መዐቀኒ ካብ ጐዳኢ ምቅላዕ ካብ ሃስያ ጸሓይ እዩ ። ንሰለስተ ተመራመርቲ ስነ ፍልጠት ፡ ብዛዕባ መርትዖታት መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ ፡ ብዛዕባኡ ዝበሃል ጽውጽዋያት ከምኡ እውን ቅኑዕ ፍርያት ብዛዕባ ምምራጽ ሓቲትናዮም ኣለና።

ኣብ ኣውስትራሊያ ሕማም ቆርብርት ካንሰርን መላኖማ ክሳብ ክንደይ ዝውቱር'ዩ፧
ሕማም ካንሰር ቆርበት ክከላኸል እንታይ ክገብር ኣለኒ?
ቅብኢ መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ (sunscreen) ካብ ካንሰር ቆርበት ክከላኸለለይ ይኽእል ዶ?
SPF እንታይ እዩ?
መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ (sunscreen) ብግቡእ ብኸመይ ይጥቀመሉ?
መከላኸሊ ቆርበት (sunscreen) ኣብዝመርጸሉ እንታይ እየ ኣብ ግምት ከእቱ ዘለኒ?
መከላኸ ቆርበት ካብ ጸሓይ ኣብዝጥቀመሉ ብዛዕባ ሕጽረት ቫይታሚን ዲ ክጭነቕ ኣለዎ ዶ?
ሓቅታት ብዛዕባ ትሕዝቶ ሳንስክሪንን DIY ሳንስክሪንን እንታይ ንፈልጥ?

ኣውስትራሊያ ዝለዓለ ናይ ቆርበት ካንሰር ስለዘለዋ ናይ ዓለም 'ዋና ኸተማ ናይ ቆርበት ካንሰር ' ዝብል ስም ሒዛ ኣላ ።

ኣብ ኣውስትራሊያ ዳርጋ ኩሎም ናይ ቆርበት መንሽሮታት ካብ መጠን ንላዕሊ ናብ ዩቪ (ወይ ናይ ኣልትራቫዮለት) ጨረርታ ብምቅላዕ ይፍጠሩ ፡ እዚ ክፋል ናይ ጸሓይ ብርሃን ን ምቅጻል ቆርበትን ዘዕኑን እዩ ።

ኣብ ኣውስትራሊያ ሕማም ቆርብርት ካንሰርን መላኖማ ክሳብ ክንደይ ዝውቱር'ዩ፧

ሊንዳ ማርቲን ፡ "ካብቶም ሰለስተ ኣውስትራልያውያን ፡ እቶም ክልተ ኣብ ዘመን ህይወቶም መንሽሮ ቈርበት ዘማዕብሉ እዮም ።" ትብል። ንሳ ኣብ ሆስፒታል ህጻናት ሲድኒ ፡ ኣማኻሪ ቦርድ ትካል ሜላኖማ ኣውስትራልያን ሓላፊት ደርማቶሎጂ ኣብ (UNSW) እያ ።

ኣብ ዘመን ህይወት ፡ እቲ ሓደ ካብ 15 ሓፈሻዊ ኣወዳትን ንኣዋልድትን ንሓደጋ መላኖማ ዝቃላዕ እዩ ።

"እዚ ማለት ኣብዚ ዓመት እዚ መዋእለ ህጻናት ኣብ ዝጅምሩ ቈልዑ: ምስ ዓበዩ ክልተ ሲሶ ናይ ቈርበት መንሽሮ የጋጥሞም: ኣብ ሓደ ክፍሊ ድማ ሓደ ወይ ክልተ ዓይነት መንሽሮ ማላኖማ ይህልዎም ማለት እዩ ።"

Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. Credit: LordHenriVoton/Getty Images

ሕማም ካንሰር ቆርበት ክከላኸል እንታይ ክገብር ኣለኒ?

እቲ ዘሐጕስ ግና ፡ ብነዘውትሮ ባህርያትና ኣቢልና ፡ ንጸሓይ ንምክልኻል ዘሎና ደረጃ ክንቈጻጸሮ ንኽእል ኢና ።

ኣብ ግዳም እነሕልፎ ግዜ ብምግዳብ እዩ ዝጅምር ፡ ኣብቲ ናብ ደገ ክንወጽእ እንመርጾ ናይ UV መጠንድማ ይጅመር ይብል ዶ/ር ማርቲን ።

ኣብ ኣውስትራልያ ኣብ 80ታት ዝዓበዩ ብዙሓት ሰባት ፡ ነቲ ሎሚ ብሓሙሽተ ስጕምትታት ተረጋጊጹ ዘሎ ንድሕነት ጸሓይ ዝምልከት '‘Slip, Slop, Slap’ ዝብል ጭርሖ ይፈልጥዎ እዮም ።

Slip= ን ጸሓይ ዝከላኸል ክዳን ተኸደን
Slop= ኣብ SPF 30 ወይ ልዕሊኡን ፡ ሰፊሕ ትርኢት ፡ ማይ ዝጻወር መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ ኣዘውትር
Slap= ሰፊሕ ባርኔጣ ንርእስኻ
Seek shade= ጽላሎት ድለ
Slide on sunglasses = ናይ መነጸር ግበር

Credit: healthdirect.gov.au

ቅብኢ መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ (sunscreen) ካብ ካንሰር ቆርበት ክከላኸለለይ ይኽእል ዶ?

መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ -ሳንስክሪን ሓደ ክፋል ናውቲ መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ ጥራይ እዩ ።

እንተዀነ ግን: ከምቲ ተመራመርቲ ስነ-ፍልጠት ኣውስትራልያ ንነዊኅ እዋን መንሽሮ ቈርበት ኣብ ምክልኻል ውጽኢታዊ ከምዝዀነ ዝመስከርዎ: ነዚ ምጥቃም ኣገዳሲ እዩ ።

ዶ/ር ማርቲን ፡ ነቲ 'ናምቡር ትራያል' ብዝበሃል ዝተገብረ መርመራ ፡ መዓልታዊ መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ ምጥቃም፡ ነቲ ናይ ቈርበት መንሽሮ ከም ዝንክዮ ከምዘረጋገጸ ገሊጹ ።

"ድሕሪ ናይ 10 ዓመት ክትትል ፡ ኣብቶም መዓልታዊ ሳንስክሪን ዝገብሩ ሰባት መጠን ሜላኖማ ፍርቂ ኮይኑ ተረኺቡ ።

ዶክተር ማርቲን ፡ "መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ ዝዓዪ እዩ፡ ሜላኖማ ከም ዝከላኸል ፡ ዋላ እውን መዓልታዊ መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ ንኽትጥቀመሉ ኣብ 50 ዓመትካ እንተ ጀመርካዮ ፡ ኣይደንጎኻን" በለ ።

Use sunscreen on all parts of your body that you can't protect with other sun safety measures. Credit: Darren Robb/Getty Images

SPF እንታይ እዩ?

ሕድሕድ መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ ኣብቲ መጠቕለሊ ቑጽሪ ናይ ጸሓይ መከላኸሊ ረቛሒ (SPF) ኣለዎ ።

እቲ ቁጽሪ SPF ዝለዓለ እንተኾይኑ ፣ መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ ዝነውሐ ግዜ ዝጸንሕ ማለትዩ ዘመልክት።

ናይ ኣውስትራሊያ ናይ ጸሓይ መከላኸሊ ተቆጻጻሪ ፡(Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA),፡ ካብ SPF 30 ንላዕሊ ዝኾነ ናይ ጸሓይ መከላኸሊ 'ውጽኢታዊ መከላኸሊ' ምዃኑ ይምስክር ።

ካብ 1 ነሓሰ 2024 ጀሚሩ ፡ ጕሉሕ ዝዀነ ቤት ምኽሪ ካንሰር ፡ ን SPF 50 + ኣብ ዕዳጋ ዝለዓለ ቦታ ከም ዘለዎ ገይሩ እዩ ዘቕርቦ ።

መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ (sunscreen) ብግቡእ ብኸመይ ይጥቀመሉ?

መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ ውጽኢታዊ ምእንቲ ክኸውን: በቲ ቅኑዕ መገዲ ክትጥቀመሉ ከም ዘሎካ ኣብ UNSW ሳይንቲያ ተሓባባሪት ፕሮፌሰር ስነ-ቀመም ኣና ዋንግ ትገልጽ ።

ዋላ ብማይ ዝጻወር መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ ምጥቃም ፡ ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ክልተ ሰዓት ፡ ከምኡ እውን ድሕሪ ምሕንባስ ፡ ብጨርቂ ወይ ብሽጎማኖ ሓቢስካ ደጊምካ ምጥቃም የድሊ ።

5 ሚሊ- (ብገምጋም ሓደ ማስካ) ንነፍሲ ወከፍ ክፋል ኣካላትካ ናብ ጸሓይ ተቓሊዑ ዘሎ ልኸ ።

መከላኸሊ ቆርበት (sunscreen) ኣብዝመርጸሉ እንታይ እየ ኣብ ግምት ከእቱ ዘለኒ?

ኣብ ጸሓይ ኣብ እንወጸሉ እዋን ክልተ ዓይነት ናይ ዩቪ ጩራ ክንረክብ ንኽእል ኢና ፥ UVA ን UVB. ን ።

ክልቲኦም ምስ ናይ ቆርበት መንሽሮ ዝተተሓሓዙ እዮም ፡ ስለዚ ናይ ጸሓይ መከላኸሊኻ ብሰፊሕ ናይ ምክልኻል ዓቕሚ (broad-spectrum)ከምዝህብ ኣረጋግጽ ፡ ትብል ዶ/ር ዋንግ ።

"መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ ወይ ሳንስክሪን ኣብ broad-spectrum እንተተዘርዚሮም እዚ ማለት ንኽልቲኦም ን UVA ን UVB ይከላኸል ማለት እዩ ።

"UVB ጠንቂ ምንዳድ ብጸሓይ ክኸውንከሎ UVA ንዲ ኤን ኤ ብምዕናው ጠንቂ መንሽሮ ይኸውን ።"

Water-resistant sunscreen is a must when swimming or exercising outdoors. Credit: MesquitaFMS/Getty Images

ብተወሳኺ እቲ ትጥቀመሉ መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ ብ TGA- መረጋገጺ ምልክት ኣብ ልዕሊኡ ክህልዎ ይግባእ ።

ኣብ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ኣደላይድ ክኢላ ስነ-መድሃኒት ዝዀነ ኢያን ሙግራቭ ፡ "ኣብ ሱፐር ማርኬት ወይ ፋርማሲ ፡ መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ እንተ ኣልዒልካ ፡ AUST-L ን ነዊሕ ቁጽሪ ከም ዘለዎ ዝሕብር ነገር ክትርእይ ኢኻ" በለ ።

መከላኸ ቆርበት ካብ ጸሓይ ኣብዝጥቀመሉ ብዛዕባ ሕጽረት ቫይታሚን ዲ ክጭነቕ ኣለዎ ዶ?

ዶ/ር ሙስግራቭ ኣብ ኣውስትራልያ እኹል ቪታሚን ዲ ንኸይትረክብ መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ ከይዓግተካ ስክፍታ የብሉን።

"ብዙሕ ዩቪ ስለ ዘለና ፡ ካብ ተራ ምቅላዕ ንጸሓይ ብርሃን ጥራይ እኹል ቪታሚን ዲ ከነመንጩ ንኽእል ኢና ።

ሓቅታት ብዛዕባ ትሕዝቶ ሳንስክሪንን DIY ሳንስክሪንን እንታይ ንፈልጥ?

TGA-approved sunscreens ንነዊኅ እዋን እተረጋገጸ ታሪኽ ዘለዎን ውሑስ ትሕዝቶን ኣለዎ ።

ኩሉ ናይ ጸሓይ መከላኸሊ ካብ ከሚካል እዩ ዝስራሕ ፣ ገለ ካብኡ ድማ ከም 'ማዕድን ጥራይ' ።

ናይ 'ማዕድን' ን 'ኬሚካል' ን ናይ ጸሓይ መከላኸሊታት ውሑስን ውጽኢታውን እዩ ፣ እቲ ፍልልይ ብዝተፈላለየ መንገዲ ጥራይ ስለ ዝሰርሕ እዩ።

ዶ/ር ሙስግራቭ ፡ "ብትኽክል ኣብ ግብሪ እንተ ኣውዒሎምዎ ፡ ክልቲኦም ተመሳሳሊ ዕዮ እዮም ዝዓይዩ" በለ ።

"ኣካላዊ / ማዕድን ጸሓይ ከም ዚንክ ኦክሳይድ ዝኣመሰለ ማዕድናት ኣለዎ ብመሰረቱ UV የንጸባርቕ ፣ ኬሚካላዊ ናይ ጸሓይ መከላኸሊ ድማ UV ዝስሕቦ ኦርጋኒካዊ ከሚካላት ኣለዎ ።"

Cosmetic products may have an SPF rating, but unlike TGA-approved sunscreens, they don’t offer adequate protection. Credit: Lajst/Getty Images

ናይ ጸሓይ መከላኸሊ ቴክኖሎጂ ኣብ ገዛ ብዝቃመም ቅዳሕ ክትካእ ስለ ዘይከኣል ፡ ኣብ ንግዳዊ ፍርያት ክትምርኮስ ይግባእ።

ዶክተር ዋንግ "ሰባት ነቲ ልዑል ቴክኖሎጂ ዘለዎ መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ ኣትሒቶም እዮም ዝርእይዎ" ትብል ።

"ነዚ መመከላኸሊ ጸሓይ-ሳንስክሪን ጽቡቕ ከም ዝስምዓናን ከም ዝከላኸለልናን ኮይኑ ንኽስራሕ ዓሰርተታት ዓመታት ወሲዱ እዩ ።"

ኣብ መጠረሽታ ፡ ክቡር መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ ካብ ዝሓሰረ ይበልጽ ማለት ኣይኮነን ።

ወትሩ ክትጥቀመሉ ትኽእል መከላኸሊ ጸሓይ ክትመርጽ ዝበለጸ እዩ ፣ ብተደጋጋሚን ብትኽክልን ክትጥቀመሉ ትኽእል ኢኻ ፣ ብምባል ዶክተር ዋንግ ምኽራ ለጊሳ ።

እዛ ዓንቀጽ ሓፈሻዊ ሓበሬታ ጥራይ እዩ ሒዙ ዘሎ ። ብዛዕባ ውልቃዊ ኵነታትካ ምኽሪ እንተ ደሊኻ ፡ ኣብ ሓደ ብቑዕ በዓልሞያ ሕክምና ከይድካ ተረአ ።

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Do you have any questions or topic ideas? Send us an email to australiaexplained@sbs.com.au 

Transcript

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SBS acknowledges the Traditional Custodians of Country and their connections and continuous care for the skies, lands and waterways across Australia.

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You're listening to Australia Explained, an SBS audio podcast helping you navigate life in Australia.

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Do you use sunscreen? If not, well, the experts say you should. If you do use it, are you confident you're using it the right way to stay safe under the harsh Australian sun? Will a more expensive sunscreen protect you better than a cheap one?

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Applying enough, applying it and waiting 20 minutes before you go out, they all matter more than which tube you're choosing at the end of the day.

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This is Australia Explained.

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I'm your host, Melissa Compagnoni, and in this episode, we speak to 3 experts, a dermatologist, a physical chemist, and a molecular pharmacologist to give you the sunscreen facts and breakdown the myths.

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Australians love spending time in the sun, but Australia also has one of the highest rates of skin cancer in the world. Dr Linda Martin explains why. She's head of dermatology at University of New South Wales, a paediatric dermatologist at Sydney Children's Hospital, and a board advisor at Melanoma Institute Australia.

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Australia is the skin cancer capital of the world. 2 out of 3 Australians will develop skin cancer in their lifetime, and the lifetime risk of melanoma is 1 in 15 overall.

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While not the most common, melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. Almost all skin cancers in Australia are caused by too much exposure to the sun's UV radiation.

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Dr Martin says the good news is that we can reduce our risk by changing our behaviour.

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So the most important things are controlling our duration of exposure, so how long we spend outside and what type of UV we choose to be outside. And then if you are in the sun, the shade is the most important. Clothing, at least a shirt with sleeves and a collar, a hat, and then sunglasses and sunscreen are really there just to protect the parts of your body you can't protect with the common sense.

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Sunscreen is only one part of sun protection, but Australian research shows it works when it comes to preventing skin cancer. Dr Martin points to a landmark study that followed adults for 10 years.

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Population involved were adults. About half of them were under 50, but about half were over 50. So after a 10 year follow-up period, the melanoma rate in the daily sunscreen group was half. That is incredibly powerful evidence.

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It shows that sunscreen does work. It does prevent melanoma, that it's never too late, even if you start your daily sunscreen use at 50, it's never too late.

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The message is clear. Sunscreen reduces the risk of melanoma, and it's never too late to start.

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Every sunscreen has an SPF number on the label. SPF stands for sun protection factor. In Australia, the Therapeutic Goods Administration or TGA regulates sunscreen as a therapeutic product. It considers SPF 30 and above to provide effective protection. Cancer Council recommends SPF 50 plus, which is the highest level available in Australia.

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A high SPF offers more protection, but it only works if you apply it properly. Physical chemist Anna Wang, a Scientia associate professor at the University of New South Wales, explains.

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If you ask most people, do you reapply every 2 hours, they don't, and so it's much better to reapply a product than to buy one that is, you know, SPF 80

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and has been really rigorously tested by 20 different labs. If you just put that on in the morning and don't reapply, it's not going to be as effective. And applying enough, applying it and waiting 20 minutes before you go out, they all matter more than which tube you're choosing at the end of the day.

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There are two main types of UV radiation from the sun, UVA and UVB. Both can cause skin cancer. UVB causes sunburn.

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UVA penetrates deeper into the skin and can damage DNA, so it's important to choose a sunscreen labelled broad spectrum, which protects against both, Dr Wang explains.

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When sunscreens are listed as broad spectrum, it means they protect against both UVA and UVB because until like maybe 15 years ago, people were really just obsessed with UVB. It's what causes sunburn. What people started realising is that UVA, although it doesn't make your skin red, it actually also damages the DNA which can lead to cancer, and so having a broad spectrum product is very important.

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If you're swimming or exercising outdoors, choose a water resistant sunscreen, but water resistant does not mean waterproof.

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You still need to reapply every 2 hours, and after swimming, sweating, or towel drying. Look for the TGA approved mark on the label.

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Pharmacologist and toxicologist Ian Musgrave from the University of Adelaide explains.

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If you pick up a sunscreen in a supermarket or a chemist, you'll see down the bottom they'll have something that says Aust L and a long number, and that means that they've been assessed by the Therapeutic Goods Administration.

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What about cosmetic products like makeup and moisturisers that have an SPF rating on them? These may contain sunscreen materials.

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But they're not sunscreens, Dr Musgrave says.

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Cosmetics can contain sunscreen materials, so long as you don't make a therapeutic claim about that. If its primary goal is to change the skin colour, cover blemishes, cleanse the skin, a whole range of things where the primary purpose is what you look like, but not protecting you from the sun. Now there may be sunscreen materials in there, that means that your cosmetics are slightly protective, but they won't be as protective as the actual sunscreen.

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One persistent myth around sunscreen is that it prevents you from getting all the vitamin D you need.

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In Australia, it doesn't, because we've got so much UV we can generate enough vitamin D just from casual exposure to sunlight, so the amount of sunscreen we need to stop us developing sunburn and cancer is not going to stop us getting enough UV to generate vitamin D.

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Another common misconception is that sunscreens marketed as mineral only are chemical free. All sunscreens are made from chemicals, but this is nothing to worry about, Dr Musgrave explains. Both mineral and chemical sunscreens are safe and effective, but they just work in different ways.

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Physical/mineral sunscreens, where you have minerals like zinc oxide that basically either reflect or absorb

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ultraviolet light. And the inaptly named chemical sunscreens because minerals are chemicals, uh, where we have organic chemicals whose structure means that it absorbs ultraviolet light. If applied correctly, they will both do the same job.

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Being therapeutic goods, sunscreens are manufactured with high laboratory standards to provide consumers with safety and quality assurances. So any claim that a sunscreen product can be made at home is false,

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Dr Wang from the University of New South Wales warns.

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I think one of the things with sunscreen is people underestimate just how high-tech it is. It takes so much work to make a sunscreen that feels nice and works well, and so in homemade products it's really hard to accomplish that. The sunscreen formulators have spent decades trying to make these formulations that feel good and protect us.

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Finally, a higher price does not mean better protection.

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Dr Wang says any TGA approved high protection sunscreen is suitable if you use it properly.

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For most people, if you have a sunscreen and you like the feel of it and you use it every day and reapply every 2 hours, then you're already doing, you know, a really, really good job.

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So, in Australia's intense UV, sunscreen is one of the simplest tools we have to prevent skin cancer, and it works. Choose one you trust, use it generously, and make it part of your everyday routine in the sun.

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Thanks for listening to this episode of Australia Explained, written and produced by Zoe Thomaidou and hosted and mixed by me, Melissa Compagnoni. Australia Explained managing editor is Roza Germian.

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This was an SBS audio podcast. For more Australia Explained stories, visit SBS.com.au/Australiaexplained.

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Subscribe or follow the Australia Explained podcast for more valuable information and tips about settling into your new life in Australia. Do you have any questions or topic ideas? Send us an email to australiaexplained at SBS.com.au.

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